Using a Structural Equation Model to Describe the Infusion of Civic Engagement in the Campus Culture

The Impact of the Campus Culture on Students’ Civic Activities, Values, and Beliefs

“…Latent variables are in ovals and indicator variables are in rectangles. Source : Billings & Terkla (). Copyright © 2011 by The Pennsylvania State University Press.…”

“…The Proposed Conceptual Model Explaining the Impact of the Campus Culture and Students’ Values and Beliefs on Civic Engagement Activities Source : Billings & Terkla (). Copyright © 2011 by The Pennsylvania State University Press.…”

Development Through Dissent: Campus Activism as Civic Learning

“…Common themes from the literature related to change and commitment to social involvement, awareness of issues, and self‐confidence as related to advocacy for change. With one exception, Billings and Terkla's () single‐institution study of civic engagement and campus culture, qualitative methodologies were used to arrive at these considerations. Few studies have explored, quantitatively, the effects of various forms of civic engagement, especially student demonstration, on student outcomes.…”

Through the eyes of the beholder: University student leaders’ understanding of citizenship

“…This decline has been especially acute amongst younger generations, and as a consequence, many academics and policy-makers have often framed those declines as a crisis of citizenship. Public policies in government (James 2012) and education (Hollander 2011;Billings and Terkla 2011;Sears and Hughes 2006;Davies and Issitt 2005) are increasingly citing citizenship as either a societal goal or a significant institutional goal, but the measurement of students' achievement of citizenship is fraught with challenge and nuance. This study aims to explore the concept of citizenship in the university context, to add to the dialogue about higher education and its role for creating or fostering citizenship, and to stimulate conversation about active citizenship amongst our student body.…”