Using an Intelligent Control Method for Electric Vehicle Charging in Microgrids

Abstract

Recently, electric vehicles (EVs) that use energy storage have attracted much attention due to their many advantages, such as environmental compatibility and lower operating costs compared to conventional vehicles (which use fossil fuels). In a microgrid, an EV that works through the energy stored in its battery can be used as a load or energy source; therefore, the optimal utilization of EV clusters in power systems has been intensively studied. This paper aims to present an application of an intelligent control method to a bidirectional DC fast charging station with a new control structure to solve the problems of voltage drops and rises. In this switching strategy, the power converter is modeled as a DC fast charging station, which controls the fast charging of vehicles with a new constant current or reduced constant current method and considers the microgrid voltage stability. The proposed method is not complicated because simple direct voltage control realizes the reactive power compensation, which can provide sufficient injected reactive power to the network. As a result, the test is presented on a fast charging system of electrical outlets with a proposed two-way reactive power compensation control strategy, in which AC/DC converters are used to exchange two-way reactive power to maintain the DC link voltage as well as the network bus voltage in the range of the basis. This charging strategy is carried out through the simulation of fast charge control, DC link voltage control, and reactive power compensation control to adjust the voltage and modify the power factor in the MATLAB software environment and is then verified. Finally, the results indicate that the proposed method can charge with high safety without increasing the battery’s maximum voltage. It can also significantly reduce the charging time compared to the common CV mode.

Optimal allocation of EVs parking lots and DG in micro grid using two‐stage GA‐PSO

“…The amount of these costs depends on the amount of charge and discharge of the battery of electric vehicles as well as its charging and discharging time. As a result, the costs of electric vehicles from a network perspective can be defined as Equation (17),…”

“…The proposed model has been represented as a multi-objective optimization framework, which is equipped with solar photovoltaic. From the method applied for solving the allocation problem of EVPLs point of view, many kinds of literature are presented in the recent decade [16][17][18][19][20][21]. A multi-objective framework has been carried out in [16] to solve the optimal operation of micro grids with high penetration of EVs and renewable resources via an exponential weighted index.…”

“…A multi-objective framework has been carried out in [16] to solve the optimal operation of micro grids with high penetration of EVs and renewable resources via an exponential weighted index. Also, a dynamic programming has been introduced in [17] in order to obtain the global optimal operation point of EV aggregator. Moreover, [20] presents the optimal probabilistic and long-term planning of DGs and EVPLs with considering Demand Side Management (DSM) and the competition between the customers and DisCo decisions is controlled by applying Stackelberg game theory.…”

A maximum efficiency point tracking control method for ultrasonic motors with temperature compensation

“…Efficiency is an important part that people pay great attention to. The pursuit of higher efficiency is a common goal in various projects, such as, solar power generation, electric vehicle charging, smart home, et al [14][15][16]. The main goal of this paper is to track the maximum efficiency point of the USM and reduce the rate of temperature rise.…”

“…Therefore, compensation for the drift of motor speed and efficiency caused by changes in resonant frequency and suppression of the temperature rise of the motor through managing control variables is an important research topic [11][12][13].Efficiency is an important part that people pay great attention to. The pursuit of higher efficiency is a common goal in various projects, such as, solar power generation, electric vehicle charging, smart home, et al [14][15][16]. The main goal of this paper is to track the maximum efficiency point of the USM and reduce the rate of temperature rise.…”