Using Chitosan as a Nucleation Agent in Thermoplastic Foams for Heavy Metal Adsorption

Vázquez, Milton O.; Ramírez‐Arreola, Daniel E.; Bernache, Javier; Gómez, César; Robledo‐Ortíz, Jorge R.; Rodrigue, Denis; González‐Núñez, Rubén

doi:10.1002/masy.200950920

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the case of N c ' , calculations are performed assuming that the cells are isotropically distributed. In this case, the square root of the areal cell density of the section is elevated to the cube in order to estimate the volume cell density of the foam [3,29,30]. The latter calculation is based on stereology.…”

Section: Void Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of poly(lactic acid) cellular materials: Physical and morphological characterizations

Julien

Bénézet

Lafranche

et al. 2012

Polymer

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The present study aims at assessing the extrusion foaming characteristics of two commercial grades of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) using a chemical foaming agent (CFA). For each PLA the process was optimized based on a maximal void fraction criterion. The extruder die temperature significantly affects the void content (maximal for about 195 C). An increase in the barrel temperature profile was also correlated with an increase in the void fraction. Moreover an increase in CFA concentration increased the PLA void fraction, and in some cases induced a decrease in cell density and an increase in cell size. Finally, an optimal value of 47% void fraction was obtained. Finally, optimally processed PLAs with varying CFA contents were tensile tested. The results pointed out that it was possible to observe significant decrease in the density and increase in some specific mechanical properties by controlling the extrusion foaming process.

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Section: Void Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of poly(lactic acid) cellular materials: Physical and morphological characterizations

Julien

Bénézet

Lafranche

et al. 2012

Polymer

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“…It has also been reported in the literature as a known phenomenon with heavy metals ( 66 ). Chitosan, a polysaccharide, has also been reported as a nucleating agent for heavy metals ( 67 ). Quantitative and qualitative data strongly suggest that nucleation is the mechanism by which BAL-HA is able to achieve such a high chelation capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronic acid–British anti-Lewisite as a safer chelation therapy for the treatment of arthroplasty-related metallosis

Ude,

Schmidt,

Laurencin

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Cobalt-containing alloys are useful for orthopedic applications due to their low volumetric wear rates, corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, hardness, and fatigue resistance. Unfortunately, these prosthetics release significant levels of cobalt ions, which was only discovered after their widespread implantation into patients requiring hip replacements. These cobalt ions can result in local toxic effects—including peri-implant toxicity, aseptic loosening, and pseudotumor—as well as systemic toxic effects—including neurological, cardiovascular, and endocrine disorders. Failing metal-on-metal (MoM) implants usually necessitate painful, risky, and costly revision surgeries. To treat metallosis arising from failing MoM implants, a synovial fluid-mimicking chelator was designed to remove these metal ions. Hyaluronic acid (HA), the major chemical component of synovial fluid, was functionalized with British anti-Lewisite (BAL) to create a chelator (BAL-HA). BAL-HA effectively binds cobalt and rescues in vitro cell vitality (up to 370% of cells exposed to IC 50 levels of cobalt) and enhances the rate of clearance of cobalt in vivo ( t 1/2 from 48 h to 6 h). A metallosis model was also created to investigate our therapy. Results demonstrate that BAL-HA chelator system is biocompatible and capable of capturing significant amounts of cobalt ions from the hip joint within 30 min, with no risk of kidney failure. This chelation therapy has the potential to mitigate cobalt toxicity from failing MoM implants through noninvasive injections into the joint.

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“…Most realistic models take into account cell deformation in the flow direction, assuming that the cells are ellipsoids of revolution. As a result, several cross-sections are needed to estimate the three axes of the ellipsoid which is a tedious task [45][46][47]. Therefore, as most authors [17,[41][42][43][44], the simplest model assuming that the cells are perfectly spherical was considered here.…”

Section: Void Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical foaming extrusion of poly(lactic acid) with chain-extenders: Physical and morphological characterizations

Julien¹,

Quantin²,

Bénézet³

et al. 2015

European Polymer Journal

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The effects of an epoxide-based chain-extender (CE) on the properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) foams obtained by chemical foaming extrusion using 4 wt.% of chemical foaming agent (CFA) were studied. PLA/CE blends with different weight ratios of CE were initially processed using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. PLA/CE foams were then produced using a single-screw extruder. Various PLA/CE foams characterizations, including solution viscosity, thermal properties (DSC, TGA), cellular structure (void fraction, cell size, open cell content), mechanical and dynamic rheological behaviors, were investigated. Results show that the addition of CE enhances the viscosimetric average molecular weight and rheological properties (viscosity and storage modulus) of PLA, but it has no significant effects on the thermal properties of PLA, except the occurring of a cold crystallization. The CE incorporation also led to a decrease in the void fraction of cellular PLA, in the cell size and in the open cell content and to an increase in the cell density. Furthermore, the tensile mechanical properties such as yield stress and elongation at break of cellular materials increased with the addition of CE.

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Using Chitosan as a Nucleation Agent in Thermoplastic Foams for Heavy Metal Adsorption

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Development of poly(lactic acid) cellular materials: Physical and morphological characterizations

Development of poly(lactic acid) cellular materials: Physical and morphological characterizations

Hyaluronic acid–British anti-Lewisite as a safer chelation therapy for the treatment of arthroplasty-related metallosis

Chemical foaming extrusion of poly(lactic acid) with chain-extenders: Physical and morphological characterizations

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