Using Community-Based Participatory Research to Explore Backyard Gardening Practices and Soil Lead Concentrations in Urban Neighborhoods

Johnson, Sheri L.; Cardona, Dalila; Davis, James O.; Gramling, Benjamin; Hamilton, Chelsea; Hoffmann, Ray; Ruis, Sabrina J.; Soldat, Douglas J.; Ventura, Stephen J.; Yan, Kun

doi:10.1353/cpr.2016.0006

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Walls et al, (2022) analyzed a network of community-engaged researchers working to mitigate exposure to soil Pb [ 53 ]. Numerous engaged-scientists have co-created research with impacted communities to address soil Pb in Indianapolis, IN [ 54 ], Dewey-Humboldt, AZ [ 55 ], Milwaukee, WI [ 56 ], and several Australian cities [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead in Air, Soil, and Blood: Pb Poisoning in a Changing World

Mielke

Gonzales²,

Powell³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Leaded petrol became a worldwide vehicle fuel during the 20th century. While leaded petrol was totally banned on 30 August 2021, its lead (Pb) dust legacy remains in the environment as soil Pb. The health impacts of Pb are well known and risks occur when exposures are above zero. The inextricable links between air Pb, soil Pb, and blood Pb are not widely A. Exposure risks continue even after banning leaded petrol and must be explored. (2) Methods: This article evaluates selected examples of temporal measurements of atmospheric Pb and human Pb exposure and the effect of soil Pb on blood Pb. Several search engines were used to find articles on temporal changes in air Pb and human Pb exposures. New Orleans studies provided empirical data on the association between soil Pb and blood Pb. (3) Results: Vehicle Pb emission trends are closely associated with air Pb and blood Pb. Air Pb deposited in soil becomes a reservoir of Pb dust that is known to be remobilized into the atmosphere. (4) Conclusions: The dust from leaded petrol continues to pose major exposure risks to humans. Exogenous sources of Pb in soil and its remobilization into air along with endogenous bone Pb establish the baseline exposure of children and adults. Reducing human exposure to Pb requires novel policies to decrease exogenous contact from the reservoir of Pb in soil and curtailing remobilization of soil Pb into the atmosphere. Mitigating exposure to soil Pb must therefore play a central role in advancing primary prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead in Air, Soil, and Blood: Pb Poisoning in a Changing World

Mielke

Gonzales²,

Powell³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Focus group participants expressed that control beliefs and barriers to soil testing were centered around liability, costs, accessibility, and concerns related to sample representativeness and results interpretation. For example, mandatory disclosure of soil lead levels for real estate properties and other regulations may deter gardeners from heavy metal soil testing [52] due to potential consequences such as stigma, decreased property values, and required clean up. These study results support the findings of other site-specific research of community gardeners, which concluded that soil testing challenges were related to perceived behavioral control challenges such as paucity of training, insufficient financial support, and difficulty interpreting results [13,27,30,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Heavy Metal Soil Testing Among Community Gardeners in the United States: A Mixed Methods Approach

Hunter

Williamson

Gribble

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Community gardens offer numerous benefits, but there are also potential risks from exposure to chemical contaminants in the soil. Through the lens of the Theory of Planned Behavior, this mixed methods study examined community gardeners’ beliefs and intentions to conduct heavy metal soil testing. The qualitative component involved five focus groups of community garden leaders in Atlanta, Georgia. Qualitative analysis of the focus group data revealed that heavy metal soil contamination was not frequently identified as a common gardening hazard and several barriers limited soil testing in community gardens. The focus group results informed the development of a questionnaire that was administered to 500 community gardeners across the United States. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the soil testing intention was associated with attitude (aOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.34, 4.53), subjective norms (aOR = 3.39 95% CI: 2.07, 5.57), and perceived behavioral control (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.99). Study findings have implications for interventions involving community garden risk mitigation, particularly gardens that engage children and vulnerable populations.

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“…We called our approach “Community Science,” as opposed to “Citizen Science” to incorporate the voices of community members to be inclusive, as demonstrated in other organizations, such as the National Audubon Society (National Audubon Society, 2018). CEnR studies on HMM in urban soils are rare, despite the benefits this type of research can provide (Johnson et al., 2016). CEnR can be used to promote social justice, increase public knowledge of scientific concepts, and can lead to co‐produced policy (Corburn, 2007; Dickinson et al., 2012; Jacobson & Rugeley, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community‐Engaged Assessment of Soil Lead Contamination in Atlanta Urban Growing Spaces

et al. 2023

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Health effects resulting from exposures to heavy metals and metalloids (HMM) are a globally recognized problem (Martin & Griswold, 2009;Tchounwou et al., 2012), yet these hazards still persist in many urban areas in the United States (US). The common HMM that pose threats to human health are lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As) (Järup, 2003), with Pb being one of the most harmful to human health and children's neurological development. Over the last 35 years, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been continuously lowering the reference value for blood Pb levels (BLLs) in children aged 0-6 years from 10 μg/dL to 5 μg/dL in 2012 and to the current 3.5 μg/dL set in 2021 (Centers for Disease Control, 2022). Still, approximately 86,000 children below 6 years of age were identified with BLLs above 5 μg/dL across the US in 2018 (Centers for Disease Control, 2022). In 2018, 2,333 children below 6 years of age in Georgia were identified with BLLs above 5 μg/dL. This number was derived from a screening rate of about 20%, thus it is likely that the true number is much greater than what is reported (Distler & Saikawa, 2020). Permanent neurologic damage and behavior disorders have been associated with low BLLs, prompting the CDC to state that there is no safe BLL for

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Using Community-Based Participatory Research to Explore Backyard Gardening Practices and Soil Lead Concentrations in Urban Neighborhoods

Abstract: Advocacy for resources needed to eliminate dangerous levels of lead from the environment, especially in communities where divestment has occurred, is enhanced through CBPR. Increasing access to soil testing is an important action step.

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Lead in Air, Soil, and Blood: Pb Poisoning in a Changing World

Lead in Air, Soil, and Blood: Pb Poisoning in a Changing World

Perspectives on Heavy Metal Soil Testing Among Community Gardeners in the United States: A Mixed Methods Approach

Community‐Engaged Assessment of Soil Lead Contamination in Atlanta Urban Growing Spaces

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