Using Genetics for Enhancement (Liberal Eugenics)

Pavlović, Sonja; Ugrin, Milena; Mićić, Stefan; Gašić, Vladimir; Dimitrijević, Jelena; Barteczko, Ursela

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813764-2.00015-5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…According to Karpowicz et al., the ethical viability of neural chimeras should be allowed provided the following guidelines are respected: (1) researchers should be required to use a minimum number of stem cells from the human brain to make reliable scientific conclusions; (2) the host animal should not be too morphologically or functionally similar to humans (to mitigate the risk of developing human-like neurological networks), and (3) dissociated human stem cells should be used exclusively to avoid the manifestation of human characteristics in the specimen, such as dignity [35] . Regarding genetic engineering technologies, we recommend implementing minimal changes to support a specific research protocol [33] that neither visibly alters human morphology/physiology into that of another species nor causes human augmentation [36] . These criteria can be used not only to limit the development of chimeras/genetic engineering technologies, but as a threshold for establishing the human origin of organoids (in this case, cerebral organoids).…”

Section: Moral Status Of Cerebral Organoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moral status of cerebral organoids

Hostiuc

Rusu

Negoi

et al. 2019

Regenerative Therapy

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Organoids are 3D biological structures constructed from stem cells in vitro. They partially mimic the function of real organs. Although the number of articles detailing this technology has increased in recent years, papers debating their ethical issues are few. In addition, many of such articles outline a mere summary of potential ethical concerns associated with organoids, although some have focused on consciousness assessment or organoid use in cystic fibrosis treatment. This article seeks to evaluate the moral status of cerebral organoids and to determine under which conditions their use should be allowed from a bioethical standpoint. We will present an overview of recent steps in developing highly advanced cerebral organoids, followed by an analysis of their ethics based on three factors: human origin, a specific biological threshold (which, once crossed, grants an entity moral status), and the potential to generate human beings. We will also make practical recommendations for researchers working in this biological field.

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Section: Moral Status Of Cerebral Organoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moral status of cerebral organoids

Hostiuc

Rusu

Negoi

et al. 2019

Regenerative Therapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Native Col comprises the polypeptide chain which, is known as the alpha molecule (α). This denotation indicates the type of Col. For instance, Col-I is made up of a gene known as COL1A1 and COL1A2, known as α1 and α2 [ 1 , 2 , 7 ]. COL1A1 consists of (G→T) Sp1-binding polymorphism, particularly in the first intron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…COL1A1 consists of (G→T) Sp1-binding polymorphism, particularly in the first intron. This functions mainly to accelerate the affinity of the transcription process of Sp1, therefore promoting the expression of gene [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Insights into Collagen Type I

2021

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Collagen type I (Col-I) is unique due to its high biocompatibility in human tissue. Despite its availability from various sources, Col-I naturally mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) and generally makes up the larger protein component (90%) in vasculature, skin, tendon bone, and other tissue. The acceptable physicochemical properties of native Col-I further enhance the incorporation of Col-I in various fields, including pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, regenerative medicine, and clinical. This review aims to discuss Col-I, covering the structure, various sources of availability, native collagen synthesis, current extraction methods, physicochemical characteristics, applications in various fields, and biomarkers. The review is intended to provide specific information on Col-I currently available, going back five years. This is expected to provide a helping hand for researchers who are concerned about any development on collagen-based products particularly for therapeutic fields.

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Good donors, bad donors and oddities in the family tree: genomics, donation and reproductive citizenship in Finnish egg donor accounts

Tammi,

Homanen

2024

BioSocieties

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Research on reproductive citizenship has focused on prospective or intended parents and how they are (or are not) accorded responsibility, entitlement and support in creating a family. With third-party reproductive arrangements, reproductive tissue donors and surrogates have emerged as new reproductive citizens to be governed in public policy, law and medical practices. In this article, drawing on 23 in-depth interviews of Finnish egg donors, we show how the donors take on roles characterised by contradictory moral responsibilities. The donors both downplay and acknowledge the significance of genetic connection to the donor children. By paying attention to selective reproductive technologies used to screen out gamete donors perceived as unfit to donate, we will discuss egg donation as a form of ableist reproductive-biological citizenship where 'good' citizens must know and care not only for their and their offspring’s health but also for the implications of their genome for someone else’s family. However, not all donors align with the ideal type of a good and able reproductive citizen. Some challenge this ideal, crafting reproductive capability and kin relations for third-party reproductive citizens in ways that diverge from the prevailing civic norms.

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Using Genetics for Enhancement (Liberal Eugenics)

Cited by 4 publications

References 74 publications

The moral status of cerebral organoids

The moral status of cerebral organoids

Current Insights into Collagen Type I

Good donors, bad donors and oddities in the family tree: genomics, donation and reproductive citizenship in Finnish egg donor accounts

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