“…High chip temperatures negatively affect the chip's efficiency, light output, performance, and lifetime. To solve the thermal problems of the LED arrays, different thermal management techniques such as thermoelectric coolers (TECs) (Li et al, 2011), heat pipes (Delendik et al, 2021;Lu et al, 2011), liquid cooling methods (Deng and Liu, 2010), and finned heat sinks (Hsu et al, 2020;Ye et al, 2011) have been suggested in the literature. (TECs) (Li et al, 2011), heat pipes (Delendik et al, 2021;Lu et al, 2011), liquid cooling methods (Deng and Liu, 2010), and finned heat sinks (Hsu et al, 2020;Ye et al, 2011) have been suggested in the literature.…”