Using Health Coaching to Improve Glycemic Control in African-American Diabetics: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Background: Diabetes continues to affect our population. As a complex disease, diabetes requires multifactorial risk-reduction strategies for appropriate glycemic control. While type II diabetes remains a global epidemic capable of being traced back to rapid increases in physical inactivity and obesity, type I diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas. Diabetes is currently the 3rd leading cause of death in the US and the 7th leading cause of death worldwide. While the entire population is at risk, African Americans bear a disproportionate burden from diabetes and its complications. Diabetes remains very costly and places a strain on the national healthcare expenditure. Diabetes selfmanagement education (DSME) is essential to successful diabetes treatment and complication prevention. However, diabetes management requires daily patient involvement and some specific skills. Health coaching has been very effective in assisting patients with skills to self-manage. There is increasing evidence of the effectiveness of health coaching in terms of patient self-efficacy, adherence to treatment, behavioral changes, health service utilization, and health outcomes.Purpose: To appraise the effectiveness of health coaching as a strategy to improve glycemic control among African American diabetics.Method: This is an integrative review of the literature, which includes a synchronized review of experimental and non-experimental research to appraise this diabetes epidemic.Outcomes: Health coaching is among the most effective strategies to restrain this current diabetes epidemic. This integrative review articulates gaps in health care disparities, while capitalizing on a cost-effective, evidence-based approach to making a positive turn on diabetes. compared to 422 million in 2014 and 108 million in 1980 (World Health Organizations [WHO], 2018). According to CDC, 2018) 30.3 million Americans currently have diabetes and 84.1 million adults have prediabetes. The incidence of African-Americans who are at risk for prediabetes has been on the rise, contributed to multiple risk factors such as obesity, family history of diabetes, and hypertension Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [(CDC), 2018]. Recent statistics suggest newly diagnosed cases of Type I and Type II diabetes account for 1.5 million yearly with the largest concentration being in American Indians and African-Americans (CDC, 2018). This emerging global diabetes epidemic related to type II diabetes can be traced back to rapid increases in physical inactivity Am J Biomed Sci & Res

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