“…The formal schooling of oral language begins in the kindergarten year, which has a significant and long-term effect on children's current and future academic success [25][26][27] because, during that year, children learn and develop memory, basic math, and literacy skills, and build fundamental science knowledge [26]. A growing body of research has been conducted to investigate issues related to kindergarten ELs' oral language proficiency, such as language interaction and oral language development [28,29], the impact of school or home factor on oral English proficiency [9,30]), and the connection between Els' first and second oral language development [31]. These studies have suggested that ELs' oral English proficiency at an early age has a critical impact on their subsequent academic performance, which further underscores the need for effective oral language instruction to better prepare ELs.…”