“…For one discussion approach, Book Club, four studies showed impressive results, with L2 students demonstrating comprehension gains (Brock, McVee, Shojgreen-Downer, & Duenas, 1998;Goatley, Brock, & Raphael, 1995;Kong & Fitch, 2002;Raphael & Brock, 1993). For another discussion approach, Literature Circles, several empirical studies have also shown that the use of small-group discussion can enhance English ELLs' reading comprehension (Carrison & Ernst-Slavit, 2005;Farris, Nelson, & L'Allier, 2007;Kim, 2004;Martinez-Roldan & Lopez-Robertson, 1999;Peralta-Nash & Dutch, 2000). In the case of Instructional Conversations, available evidence supports similar outcomes with ELLs (Echevarria & McDonough, 1995;Olezza, 1999;Perez, 1996;Saunders & Goldenberg, 1999;Saunders, Patthey-Chavez, & Goldenberg, 1997;Todhunter, 2007).…”