Using Petrel II Glider to Analyze Underwater Noise Spectrogram in the South China Sea

Liu, Lu; Liu, Xiao; Lan, Shiquan; Liu, Tingting; Song, Guoli

doi:10.1007/s40857-018-0126-y

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Underwater gliders have also been used to sense the underwater soundscape [13], [14]. Although underwater gliders have intermittent communication link to shore stations during surface time, their satellite communications have very limited bandwidth, not suitable for raw acoustic data transmission.…”

Section: A Ocean Sound Measurement Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metadata-Driven Universal Real-Time Ocean Sound Measurement Architecture

et al. 2021

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Underwater sound in the oceans has been significantly rising in the past decades due to an increase in human activities, adversely affecting the marine environment. In order to assess and limit the impact of underwater noise, the European Commission's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) included the long-term monitoring of low-frequency underwater sound as a relevant indicator to achieve a good environmental status. There is a wide range of commercial hydrophones and observing platforms able to perform such measurements. However, heterogeneity and lack of standardization in both hydrophones and observing platforms makes the integration and data management tasks time-consuming and error-prone. Moreover, their power and communications constraints need to be addressed to make them suitable for long-term ocean sound monitoring. Measured underwater sound levels are challenging to compare because different measurement methodologies are used, leading to a risk of misunderstandings and data misinterpretation. Furthermore, the exact methodology applied is not always public or accessible, significantly reducing ocean sound data re-usability. Within this work, a universal architecture for ocean sound measurement is presented, addressing hydrophone integration, real-time in situ processing and data management challenges. Emphasis is placed on generic and re-usable components, so it can be seamlessly replicated and deployed in new scenarios regardless of the underlying hardware and software constraints (hydrophone model, observing platform, operating system, etc.). Within the proposed architecture, a generic implementation of an underwater sound algorithm based on underwater noise measurement best practices is provided. Standardized and coherent metadata with emphasis on strong semantics is discussed, providing the building blocks for FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) ocean sound data management.

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Section: A Ocean Sound Measurement Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metadata-Driven Universal Real-Time Ocean Sound Measurement Architecture

et al. 2021

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“…However, these only describe possible noise sources and no specific frequency and noise-level analysis of each of the noise sources, including the driving and sensor component parts, has yet been studied. Recently, An analysis has been reported on the self-noise of only the driving part of the Petrel II underwater glider developed in China [22].…”

Section: Noise Sources Of the Underwater Glidermentioning

confidence: 99%

Tertiary Waves Measured during 2017 Pohang Earthquake Using an Underwater Glider

Lee

Jung

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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An underwater glider equipped with a hydrophone observed the acoustic sounds of an earthquake that occurred on 15 November 2017 05:29:32 (UTC) in the Pohang area. The underwater glider observed the earthquake sounds after 19 s (05:29:51) at approximately 140 km from the Pohang epicenter. In order to distinguish the earthquake sound from the glider’s operation noise, the noise sources and Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of the underwater glider were analyzed and measured at laboratory tank and sea. The earthquake acoustic signal was distinguished from glider’s self-noises of fin, pumped Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profiler (CTD) and altimeter which exist over 100 Hz. The dominant frequencies of the earthquake acoustic signals due to the earthquake were 10 Hz. Frequencies at which the spectra had dropped 60 dB were 50 Hz. By analysis of time correlation with seismic waves detected by five seismic land stations and the earthquake acoustic signal, it is clearly shown that the seismic waves converted to Tertiary waves and then detected by the underwater glider. The results allow constraining the acoustic sound level of the earthquake and suggest that the glider provides an effective platform for enhancing the earth seismic observation systems and monitoring natural and anthropogenic ocean sounds.

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“…The Petrel II glider developed by Tianjin University is a buoyancy-driven underwater vehicle. Without a propeller system, the glider travels by changing its buoyancy and the barycenter [17][18][19][20]. The maximum operational depth of Petrel II is 1500 m, and it can navigate by GPS, pressure sensor, compass, and altimeter.…”

Section: The Petrel II Glider and The Self-contained Hydrophonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Underwater Gliders as Acoustic Sensing Platforms

Jiang

2019

Applied Sciences

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Underwater gliders travel through the ocean by buoyancy control, which makes their motion silent and involves low energy consumption. Due to those advantages, numerous studies on underwater acoustics have been carried out using gliders and different acoustic payloads have been developed. This paper aims to illustrate the use of gliders in underwater acoustic observation and target detection through experimental data from two sea trials. Firstly, the self-noise of the glider is analyzed to illustrate its feasibility as an underwater acoustic sensing platform. Then, the ambient noises collected by the glider from different depths are presented. By estimating the transmission loss, the signal receiving ability of the glider is assessed, and a simulation of target detection probability is performed to show the advantages of the glider over other underwater vehicles. Moreover, an adaptive line enhancement is presented to further reduce the influence of self-noise. Meanwhile, two hydrophones are mounted at both ends of the glider to form a simple array with a large aperture and low energy consumption. Thus, the target azimuth estimation is verified using broadband signals, and a simple scheme to distinguish the true angle from the port‒starboard ambiguity is presented. The results indicate that the glider does have advantages in long-term and large-scale underwater passive sensing.

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Using Petrel II Glider to Analyze Underwater Noise Spectrogram in the South China Sea

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Metadata-Driven Universal Real-Time Ocean Sound Measurement Architecture

Metadata-Driven Universal Real-Time Ocean Sound Measurement Architecture

Tertiary Waves Measured during 2017 Pohang Earthquake Using an Underwater Glider

The Use of Underwater Gliders as Acoustic Sensing Platforms

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