Using polar mesosphere summer echoes and stratospheric/mesospheric winds to explain summer mesopause jumps in Antarctica

Lübken, Franz‐Josef; Latteck, R.; Becker, Erich; Höffner, J.; Murphy, D. J.

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2016.06.008

Cited by 16 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Checks on the quality of these retrievals can made by comparing with independent measurements. With respect to temperatures there is excellent agreement with the findings of Lübken et al, (, ), who used high‐resolution resonance lidar observations at Davis Station to investigate polar middle atmosphere temperatures and their relation to the temporal and height occurrence of PMSE. In particular, comparison with the temperature‐time cross section in Figure 3 of Lübken et al () for their 2011/2012 campaign shows agreement in both the mesopause temperature (∼ 132 K) and its height (∼ 91 km) for the period centered on 10 days after the solstice of 2011.…”

Section: Neutral Density Profilessupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Using the 24 years of data available in this study extends the analysis of Lübken et al (). Early stratospheric winter to summer wind reversals occur in 1994/2005, 1997/1998, 2000/2001, 2002/2003, 2003/2004, 2004/2005, 2005/2006, 2012/2013, 2013/2014, and 2016/2017, while late transitions occur in 1995/1996, 1998/1999, 1999/2000, 2001/2002, 2007/2008, 2008/2009, 2010/2011, and 2011/2012.…”

Section: Long‐term Trends and Variabilitysupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Ground‐based MF radars (MFR) and meteor wind radars (MWR) measure winds continuously, making them very suitable for long‐term studies of the dynamical variability of the MLT. Recent studies using radars and satellites have linked the development of the cold summer mesopause to interannual variations in the circulation of the lower and middle stratosphere, as well as to interhemispheric coupling (Gumbel & Karlsson, ; Karlsson et al, ; Kirkwood et al, ; Lübken et al, ). Numerical studies suggest that the strengthening of the stratospheric circulation due to the Antarctic ozone hole affects the propagation of gravity waves and leads to a long‐term trend in mesospheric temperatures (Smith et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends and Variability in Vertical Winds in the Southern Hemisphere Summer Polar Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

et al. 2019

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Direct measurement of mean vertical velocities in the mesosphere‐lower thermosphere (60–110 km) is not possible due to their small values. Here we derive vertical velocities using the divergence of the mean meridional wind over the Antarctic summer pole using MF radar wind measurements made at Davis Station (69°S, 78°E) between 1994 and 2018. Estimates of vertical velocity are restricted to a 21‐day period centered just after solstice when the equatorward wind reaches its maximum value of about 15 m s−1 at heights near 90 km. The Medium Frequency (MF) radar winds are calibrated against colocated meteor wind radar observations. Neutral densities required for the vertical wind calculations are obtained from zonally averaged temperature measurements obtained by the MLS instrument aboard the AURA satellite. The estimated vertical velocities have peak values varying between 2 and 6 cm s−1 with significant interannual variability. While the peak values do not show significant long‐term change, there is a long‐term decrease in the mean height of maximum winds of about 0.6 km per decade that is statistically significant. The interannual variability is linked to the date of transition in the stratospheric zonal circulation from winter eastward to summer westward flow. Meridional and vertical velocities are smaller and peak at lower altitudes during early transitions (20–30 days prior to solstice) than is the case for late transitions that occur at solstice or later.

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Section: Neutral Density Profilessupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Long‐term Trends and Variabilitysupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends and Variability in Vertical Winds in the Southern Hemisphere Summer Polar Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

et al. 2019

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“…Following the arguments presented by Lübken et al . [], this might be indicating that eastward gravity waves over Davis propagate upward more easily during this time of the year and hence partially explain the differences in the M 2 activity between summer and winter times. In the case of Rio Grande, the strong M 2 amplitudes reported in this study are most likely connected to the enhanced gravity wave activity that characterizes this region of the world [ Fritts et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Climatology of semidiurnal lunar and solar tides at middle and high latitudes: Interhemispheric comparison

et al. 2017

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The semidiurnal lunar and solar tides obtained from meteor radar measurements spanning from 2009 to 2013 observed at Davis (69°S) and Rio Grande (54°S) are presented and compared to the Northern Hemisphere ones at Andenes (69°N) and Juliusruh (54°N). Mean tidal differences for both intrahemispheric and interhemispheric scenarios are analyzed. Tidal behavior is also compared against numerical simulations during 2009 and 2013 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) time periods. Possible influences in the Southern Hemisphere from the local stratosphere are also investigated using Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA 2) data sets. The main features of the mean zonal wind are similar in both hemispheres, i.e., stronger amplitudes over midlatitude locations, eastward winds during winter and westward below 90 km with eastward higher up during corresponding summer times. On the other hand, the semidiurnal solar tides observed in the Southern Hemisphere show clear differences when compared to the Northern Hemisphere and between middle‐ and high‐latitude locations at the same hemisphere. These differences are even larger for the semidiurnal lunar tide, which shows stronger amplitudes from October to March and March to October, over Davis and Rio Grande, respectively. Our results indicate that the lunar tides over the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes are more prone to react to the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex influences, in agreement with numerical simulations, particularly for the time of the 2013 SSW.

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“…Strong volume reflectivity of PMSE even at low altitudes of ~80 km in the early summer season of 2013/2014 seems attributable to quite low temperatures there, as shown in Figure a. Possible candidate mechanisms causing such an interannual variation in the summer mesospheric temperature are intrahemispheric and interhemispheric couplings [e.g., Becker et al ., ; Lübken et al ., ]. Further studies from this viewpoint are needed based on observations over multiple years.…”

Section: Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes Over Three Summer Periods In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency spectra and vertical profiles of wind fluctuations in the summer Antarctic mesosphere revealed by MST radar observations

et al. 2017

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Continuous observations of polar mesosphere summer echoes at heights from 81–93 km were performed using the first Mesosphere‐Stratosphere‐Troposphere/Incoherent Scatter radar in the Antarctic over the three summer periods of 2013/2014, 2014/2015, and 2015/2016. Power spectra of horizontal and vertical wind fluctuations, and momentum flux spectra in a wide‐frequency range from (8 min)−1 to (20 days) −1 were first estimated for the Antarctic summer mesosphere. The horizontal (vertical) wind power spectra obey a power law with an exponent of approximately −2 (−1) at frequencies higher than the inertial frequency of (13 h)−1 and have isolated peaks at about 1 day and a half day. In addition, an isolated peak of a quasi‐2 day period is observed in the horizontal wind spectra but is absent from the vertical wind spectra, which is consistent with the characteristics of a normal‐mode Rossby‐gravity wave. Zonal (meridional) momentum flux spectra are mainly positive (negative), and large fluxes are observed in a relatively low‐frequency range from (1 day)−1 to (1 h)−1. A case study was performed to investigate vertical profiles of momentum fluxes associated with gravity waves and time mean winds on and around 3 January 2015 when a minor stratospheric warming occurred in the Northern Hemisphere. A significant momentum flux convergence corresponding to an eastward acceleration of ~200 m s−1 d−1 was observed before the warming and became stronger after the warming when mean zonal wind weakened. The strong wave forcing roughly accorded with the Coriolis force of mean meridional winds.

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Using polar mesosphere summer echoes and stratospheric/mesospheric winds to explain summer mesopause jumps in Antarctica

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Trends and Variability in Vertical Winds in the Southern Hemisphere Summer Polar Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

Trends and Variability in Vertical Winds in the Southern Hemisphere Summer Polar Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

Climatology of semidiurnal lunar and solar tides at middle and high latitudes: Interhemispheric comparison

Frequency spectra and vertical profiles of wind fluctuations in the summer Antarctic mesosphere revealed by MST radar observations

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