Using <scp>GPS</scp> to Study the Terrestrial Water Cycle

Larson, Kristine M.; Small, E. E.

doi:10.1002/2013eo520001

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A well-distributed seismic and continuous GNSS network is necessary for measuring the active tectonics. The GNSS network is also needed to measure the deformation associated with glacial isostatic adjustment and would also be beneficial for assessing environmental parameters such as hydrological cycle loading (Rocken et al 1993(Rocken et al , 1995Bevis et al 1994), soil moisture (Larson et al 2005;Larson and Small 2013) and snow depth (Larson and Nievinski 2012;Larson and Small 2013;McCreight and Small 2014). Signals from glacial isostatic adjustment (e.g.…”

Section: Summary Of White Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

EON-ROSE and the Canadian Cordillera Array – Building Bridges to Span Earth System Science in Canada

Boggs

Aster

Audet

et al. 2018

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EON-ROSE (Earth-System Observing Network - Réseau d’Observation du Système terrestrE) is a new initiative for a pan-Canadian research collaboration to holistically examine Earth systems from the ionosphere into the core. The Canadian Cordillera Array (CC Array) is the pilot phase, and will extend across the Cordillera from the Beaufort Sea to the U.S. border. The vision for EON-ROSE is to install a network of telemetered observatories to monitor solid Earth, environmental and atmospheric processes. EON-ROSE is an inclusive, combined effort of Canadian universities, federal, provincial and territorial government agencies, industry, and international collaborators. Brainstorming sessions and several workshops have been held since May 2016. The first station will be installed at Kluane Lake Research Station in southwestern Yukon during the summer of 2018. The purpose of this report is to provide a framework for continued discussion and development.RÉSUMÉEON-ROSE (Earth-System Observing Network - Réseau d’Observation du Système terrestrE) est une nouvelle initiative de collaboration de recherche pancanadienne visant à étudier de manière holistique les systèmes terrestres, depuis l’ionosphère jusqu’au noyau. Le Réseau canadien de la cordillère (CC Array) en est la phase pilote, laquelle couvrira toute la Cordillère, de la mer de Beaufort jusqu’à la frontière étasunienne. L’objectif d’EON-ROSE est d’installer un réseau d’observatoires télémétriques pour suivre en continu les processusterrestres, environnementaux et atmosphériques. EON-ROSE est un effort combiné et inclusif des universités canadiennes, des organismes gouvernementaux fédéraux, provinciaux et territoriaux, de l’industrie et de collaborateurs internationaux. Des séances de remue-méninges et plusieurs ateliers ont été tenus depuis mai 2016. La première station sera installée à la station de recherche du lac Kluane, dans le sud-ouest du Yukon, au cours de l’été 2018. Le but du présent rapport est de fournir un cadre de discussion et de développement continu.

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Section: Summary Of White Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

EON-ROSE and the Canadian Cordillera Array – Building Bridges to Span Earth System Science in Canada

Boggs

Aster

Audet

et al. 2018

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“…In the past 20 years, the world‐wide network of GNSS instruments has increased immensely to obtain highly accurate positional information. For instance, the Plate Boundary Observatory in the United States consists of 1100 stations, and its data have already been used to infer soil moisture variability at the continental scale . Clearly, the advantage of using existing global networks of instruments eliminates the need for acquisition and maintenance of soil moisture sensors.…”

Section: Status and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of GNSS reflectometry for soil moisture estimation has been successfully demonstrated for a few sites with different soil type, climate, and vegetation cover in Uzbekistan, 41 Northern America, 42,47…”

Section: Gnss Reflectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the Plate Boundary Observatory in the United States consists of 1100 stations, and its data have already been used to infer soil moisture variability at the continental scale. 47 Clearly, the advantage of using existing global networks of instruments eliminates the need for acquisition and maintenance of soil moisture sensors. However, the location of the instruments may not be representative for the region of interest in all cases (e.g., focus on urban areas), and the required information on influencing factors (e.g., landuse, sources of noise, precipitation, etc.)…”

Section: Status and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging methods for noninvasive sensing of soil moisture dynamics from field to catchment scale: a review

et al. 2015

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Soil moisture is an important state variable in the terrestrial system because it controls the exchange of water and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere. In this paper, we review recent advances in non-invasive techniques that allow continuous non-invasive and contactless measurements of soil moisture dynamics at the field to basin scale. In particular, we report on 1) cosmic-ray neutron probes, 2) GNSS reflectrometry, 3) ground-based microwave radiometry, 4) gamma-ray monitoring, 5) terrestrial gravimetry and 6) low-frequency electromagnetic surface waves. Each method is described in terms of its basic principle, measurement scales, calibration issues, measurement accuracy, and applications. We hope that this review will further stimulate the community to invest in the continued development of novel soil moisture sensing methods that

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“…One approach of the GPS-IR technique is utilizing the geodetic-quality GPS antennas and receivers that are mainly deployed for tectonic and surveying applications. The widely distributed geodetic GPS networks, e.g., Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS, http://geodesy.noaa.gov/CORS) and the EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO, http://pbo.unavco.org), provide wide spatial coverage, and have zero additional hardware cost for this capability expansion [24]. However, the geodetic GPS antennas are designed to suppress the ground reflected signal (known as multipath in GPS precise positioning) that contains the desired information about the earth's surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation Sensing Using GPS Interferometric Reflectometry: Experimental Results With a Horizontally Polarized Antenna

Chen

Won

Akos

et al. 2016

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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Measurement of vegetation state is required both for modeling and for satellite data validation. GPS Interferometric Reflectometry (GPS-IR) is a passive microwave remote sensing technique that has been applied to several applications, such as sensing soil moisture, snow depth, ocean roughness and wind speed, and vegetation growth. Previous studies proposed that geodetic GPS data could be used to measure vegetation biophysical parameters, for example, vegetation height and vegetation water content (VWC). However, the measurement range and accuracy are limited because the geodetic GPS antenna is designed to suppress reflections. In this paper, the antenna design for vegetation sensing via GPS-IR is discussed. Then, a customized dipole antenna is developed specifically for vegetation sensing. A field experiment is conducted at Boulder, CO, USA to evaluate the performance of the proposed antenna. The GPS metric, which is the normalized signalto-noise ratio (SNR) amplitude A n orm , shows a linear relationship with in situ measurements of VWC over a range of 0-6 kg/m 2 , which is much greater than the range from the geodetic data (0-1.0 kg/m 2 ). The sensitivity of A n orm to VWC change is −0.11 (W/W)/(kg/m 2 ), and the average measurement error of VWC is ∼12.4%. Thus, the horizontally polarized antenna is suitable for vegetation monitoring in most environments, including agricultural settings. The effects of soil moisture on GPS SNR amplitude are also documented, but these are minor compared to the decrease in amplitude resulting from vegetation growth.

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Using GPS to Study the Terrestrial Water Cycle

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

EON-ROSE and the Canadian Cordillera Array – Building Bridges to Span Earth System Science in Canada

EON-ROSE and the Canadian Cordillera Array – Building Bridges to Span Earth System Science in Canada

Emerging methods for noninvasive sensing of soil moisture dynamics from field to catchment scale: a review

Vegetation Sensing Using GPS Interferometric Reflectometry: Experimental Results With a Horizontally Polarized Antenna

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