Using SiO₂ nano-particles for better color uniformity and lumen output in 8500 K conformal and in-cup white LEDs

Abstract

<span>In the effort of improving the performance of white light LEDs devices (WLEDs), the SiO<sub>2</sub> nano-particles were applied and have shown a significant impact on the optical properties. Specifically, the light output of the lighting devices is enhanced when a mixture of SiO<sub>2</sub> particles and silicone gel is diffused on the encapsulation layer surface. This enhancement is the result of light scattering from SiO<sub>2</sub> that strengthens the emitted blue light at further angles and reduces the color discrepancy. The evidence is that CCT deviation in SiO<sub>2</sub>-doped structure decline from 1000 K to 420 K in -70° to 70°. In addition, the SiO<sub>2</sub> with refractive index in between the phosphor material and outside environment allows light to be emitted outward more effectively. This lighting enhancement of SiO<sub>2</sub>-doped structure increases the lumen output by 2.25% at 120 mA power source in comparison to structure without SiO<sub>2</sub>. These experimental outcomes suggest that SiO<sub>2</sub> is an effective material to add in WLEDs structure for better lighting efficiency.</span>

Application of the Jaya algorithm to solve the optimal reliability allocation for reduction oxygen supply system of a spacecraft

“…Application of the Jaya algorithm to solve the optimal reliability allocation… (Saad Abbas Abed) 1203 in many fields [11]- [19]. The complexity or reliability appropriate for the system's continuous operation for a specific period of time and there are other factors that the specialist considers appropriate [20]- [24].…”