Using the ‘Expert Performance Approach’ as a Framework for Examining and Enhancing Skill Learning: Improving Understanding of How Experts Learn

Williams, A. Mark; Fawver, Bradley; Hodges, Nicola J.

doi:10.14786/flr.v5i3.267

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, this approach neglects the complex environment (specific to sports games), which also seems important to support the superiority of experts. The "Expert Performance Approach" (Mann et al, 2007;Williams et al, 2017), on the other hand, is an approach in which cognitive performance is examined in an ecologically valid and sportsspecific environment and is thus representative of the specific domain of an expert. In order to be able to show clear differences between elite athletes and amateurs, sport-specific tasks with cognitive requirements that are also needed during sport are probably more suitable.…”

Section: Discussion Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot and Cool Executive Function in Elite- and Amateur- Adolescent Athletes From Open and Closed Skills Sports

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Executive functions (EFs) not only play an important role in shaping adolescent's goal-directed, future-oriented cognitive skills under relatively abstract, non-affective conditions (Cool EF), but also under motivationally significant, affective conditions (Hot EF). Empirical evidence suggest a link between EF, exercise and physical activity, specifically elite adult athletes appear to outperform amateur athletes in Cool EF; however, no previous studies have examined the relationship between Hot and Cool EFs and impulsivity during the developmentally sensitive period of adolescence comparing different types of sport (open-vs. closed-skills), and levels (elite athletes vs. amateurs). Methods: A total 86 boys and girls between 13 and 15 years of age (mean: 14.0, SD: 0.79) from different sports (track-and-field; team handball) were recruited. Participants were further divided into two groups: (a) 40 elite, and (b) 46 amateur athletes. They completed four Cool EF tasks including Trail-Making Test, Trail-Walking-Test, Flanker task, n-back-task, and one Hot EF task on Game of Dice task. Data on subjective impulsivity (UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale; Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-15) was also collected. Results: There was a significant overall effect for expertise in favor of elite athletes (Wilks' Lambda = 0.61, F(14,69) = 3.19, p = 0.001,η 2 p = 0.393), but no overall main effect for type of sport or an interaction for expertise by type of sport. Specifically, elite athletes showed significantly better performances on dual tasks. For Hot EF, there were no main effects for type of sport, expertise level, training experience or training duration. We also found positive correlations among Cool EF and impulsivity measures, and between Hot EF and Impulsivity, but no significant relationship between Cool and Hot EF. Conclusion: The current understanding of the decisive cognitive abilities does not correspond to sporting reality, so that the tests frequently used are not sensitive enough to distinguish between elite and amateur athletes or different sports. However, it should also be remembered that the factors underlying complex sporting performance are multidimensional and are obviously difficult to trace back to selected partial

show abstract

Section: Discussion Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot and Cool Executive Function in Elite- and Amateur- Adolescent Athletes From Open and Closed Skills Sports

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It can also be used with tools that objectively measure players’ eye movement, which may provide information on how individuals read the game and perceive the environment. It could provide data on what are the most important sources of information (e.g., player in possession of the ball, teammates, opponents) that enable players to choose the most appropriate responses ( Williams et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TacticUP Video Test for Soccer: Development and Validation

Machado

Costa

2020

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aims to expand the process of tactical assessment of soccer players through the development and validation of a video-based test based on core tactical principles of play. The TacticUP video test for soccer is composed of offensive and defensive video sequences of 11vs11 soccer situations. Participants should choose the most appropriate solution for each video sequence. Content validity was established based on a panel of nine experts from four different countries. Construct validity was assessed through the comparison between players with distinct expertise levels. Comparisons between groups’ final scores showed statistical differences ( p < 0.05) in 10 out of the 15 variables assessed, in which the expert group displayed higher values compared to the non-expert group. Face validity examined the acceptability and suitability of the test by players. Reliability was determined through the test–retest method for each video sequence, and Cohen’s Kappa values ranged from 0.622 to 1.0. Therefore, the TacticUP video test showed adequate content, construct, and face validity and was a reliable measure of perceptual-cognitive and decision-making skills in soccer. We overcame limitations from previous video-based tests in soccer by introducing situations concerning off-the-ball movements in both offensive and defensive phases. The practical applications of this test are: (i) it can be used to monitor players’ perceptual-cognitive and decision-making skills; (ii) the test is based on players’ response selection in a video-based test, which enables the measurement of their perceptual-cognitive and decision-making skills based on the core tactical principles of play; (iii) generate players’ tactical profile considering their perceptual-cognitive and decision-making skills based on core tactical principles of play; and (iv) measure the effectiveness of intervention/training programs on the development of perceptual-cognitive and decision-making skills.

show abstract

“…Such a triangulated analysis of eye-hand coordination could be a very meaningful addition to the analysis of gestures. Williams, Fawver, and Hodges (2017) provide an excellent overview of methodologies of research on expertise. They describe three steps, namely (1) developing representative tasks that elicit systematic performance differences in individuals of different levels of expertise, (2) process-tracing techniques to study processes underlying expert performance and (3) identifying individual characteristics in training or learning that lead to the expert level.…”

Section: Gesturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unboxing the Black Box of Visual Expertise in Medicine

Jarodzka

Boshuizen

2017

FLR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Using the ‘Expert Performance Approach’ as a Framework for Examining and Enhancing Skill Learning: Improving Understanding of How Experts Learn

Abstract: The expert performance approach, initially proposed by Ericsson and Smith (1991)

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Hot and Cool Executive Function in Elite- and Amateur- Adolescent Athletes From Open and Closed Skills Sports

Hot and Cool Executive Function in Elite- and Amateur- Adolescent Athletes From Open and Closed Skills Sports

TacticUP Video Test for Soccer: Development and Validation

Unboxing the Black Box of Visual Expertise in Medicine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About