Using ultrasound radio frequency technology to assess regression of the structure and function of the carotid artery by radioiodine therapy in hyperthyroidism patients

Abstract

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to investigate the structure and function of the carotid artery in patients with hyperthyroidism by ultrasound radio frequency data technology (RF data) and the effect of 131I on them.Material and methodsSeventy patients with primary hyperthyroidism and 74 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Structural and functional parameters of the common carotid artery were measured in every patient before and after 131I treatment through the RF data, such as intima media thickness (IMT), functional compliance coefficient (CC), stiffness index (β), and pulse wave velocity (PWV). We also analyzed the correlation between these parameters and patients’ age, body mass index, hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure, heart rate), thyroid hormone levels and other risk factors.ResultsThere was a significant difference in IMT between hyperthyroid patients and the control group at baseline (483.6 vs. 443.3 µm, p < 0.01); after treatment, the IMT decreased significantly (428.7 vs. 483.6 µm, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the IMT was correlated with patients’ age and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.525, p < 0.01 and r = 0.289, p < 0.05, respectively). The β and PWV were also higher than the control group (7.26 vs.5.87, 6.27 vs. 5.57 m/s, respectively; all p < 0.001); CC was lower than the control group (0.98 vs. 1.19 mm2/KPa, p < 0.01); after treatment, PWV and β were lower than baseline (5.66 vs. 6.27, 5.81 vs. 7.26 m/s, respectively; all p < 0.01), and CC was higher than baseline. In addition, they were significantly correlated with age (r = 0.525, p < 0.01 and r = 0.289, p < 0.05, respectively). However, these parameters were not correlated with the level of thyroid hormones.ConclusionsSix-month 131I treatment for patients with hyperthyroidism reverses the structural and functional damage in the carotid artery, which is sensitively evaluated by the RF data technique.

Association between radioiodine treatment for thyroid cancer and risk of stroke

“…The discrepancy between the results of the current study and the increased risk of stroke in hyperthyroidism after radioactive iodine treatment that has been reported in the epidemiological study may be attributable to hyperthyroidism rather than radiation‐induced atherosclerosis . The structure and function of the carotid artery in patients with hyperthyroidism before I‐131 treatment was significantly different compared with those of the controls, and abnormal parameters returned to their normal state 6 months after I‐131 treatment . The lack of acute or long‐term change in carotid intima media thickness or plaques after radioactive iodine therapy, which had been reported in the previous study, may explain our negative findings .…”

“…10,11,30,31 The structure and function of the carotid artery in patients with hyperthyroidism before I-131 treatment was significantly different compared with those of the controls, and abnormal parameters returned to their normal state 6 months after I-131 treatment. 13 The lack of acute or longterm change in carotid intima media thickness or plaques after radioactive iodine therapy, which had been reported in the previous study, may explain our negative findings. 12 Furthermore, the absorbed doses of I-131 may depend on recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone use, thyroid remnants, metastases, and renal clearance, as well as the use of techniques designed to increase I-131 excretion from the total body or specific organs, such as lemon juice intake, hydration, frequency of urination, and laxative use.…”

“…7,10,11 However, la Cour et al 12 reported that radioiodine (I-131) therapy does not change the atherosclerotic burden of the carotid arteries. Kang 13 reported that the structural and functional damage to the carotid artery found on ultrasound in patients with hyperthyroids, have improved after treatment with radioiodine. The abnormality of carotid artery may be attributable to hyperthyroidism rather than radiation-induced atherosclerosis.…”

Atomic Layer Deposition of Pd Nanoparticles on N‐Doped Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers: Optimization of ORR Activity of Pd‐Based Nanocatalysts by Tuning Their Nanoparticle Size and Loading

“…It is well‐known that both conductivity and N‐doping of carbon fibers has significant impact on the ORR . To this end, we performed electrospinning to produce polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun nanofibers (Figure a) as imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).…”

“…Elemental analysis results estimated that nCNF is consisted of 71.3% C, 14.4% N, 13.2% O and 1.1% H species. Presence of N species plays a vital role in stabilizing and anchoring of metallic nanoparticles on the carbon supports and also chemical nature of these N species has crucial impact on ORR activity . Therefore, we conducted high resolution XPS to determine different chemical states of N species both qualitatively and quantitatively.…”