Using values in cognitive and behavioral therapy: A bridge back to philosophy

Abstract

Ancient therapeutic practices have influenced the development of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) theories such as Albert Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy and Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy. By drawing inspiration from Socratic questioning, the importance of philosophy in evidence‐based practices in human mental health can be acknowledged. Stoicism has also informed CBT, notably its emphasis on establishing psychological distance from emotions. Cognition and emotion are two aspects of mental processes, and irrational demands are processed through rational deliberation. Using mental imaging techniques and acceptance strategies (to accept oneself and the world as imperfect), avoiding catastrophic interpretations and acknowledging emotions are also included among such practices.MethodsWe will explore the use of values across CBT, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and radically open dialectical behavioral therapy (RO DBT) to clarify their use of values.ResultsIn this framework, values are conceptualized as life‐orienting principles and are now widely used across CBTs, such as acceptance and commitment therapy and radically open dialectical behavioral therapy. In recent years, the development of CBT has involved a renewed relationship with philosophy through the use of values, interest in dialectics and development of self‐questioning practices reminiscent of classical Socratic principles. This movement from applied clinical psychology toward philosophical skills has also encouraged the recent emergence of philosophical health considerations. The opposition between psychological and philosophical health can be questioned, and the fundamental issue of philosophical skills implemented in psychiatric treatment (and not solely as practices of enhancement for the sane) needs to be considered.

Are behavioral interventions a better choice for atopic dermatitis patients? A meta-analysis of 6 randomized controlled trials

“…As an indispensable part of psychological interventions, behavioral therapy refers to the application of modern theories of learning and conditioning in the treatment of behavior disorders. 23 Currently, many behavioral techniques have been used in clinical practice, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, habit-reversal therapy, and dialectical behavior therapy. 23 Of these available behavioral techniques, habit-reversal therapy 24 and cognitive behavioral therapy 25 , 26 have been used successfully in dermatology.…”

“… 23 Currently, many behavioral techniques have been used in clinical practice, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, habit-reversal therapy, and dialectical behavior therapy. 23 Of these available behavioral techniques, habit-reversal therapy 24 and cognitive behavioral therapy 25 , 26 have been used successfully in dermatology. Habit-reversal therapy was initially described by Azrin and Nunn as a competing response produced by tightening muscles with antagonists.…”