Using VCT statistics from Kenya in understanding the association between gender and HIV

Otwombe, Kennedy; Ndindi, P N; Ajema, Carolyne; Wanyungu, John

doi:10.1080/17290376.2007.9724893

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although male to female transmission of HIV has been estimated as 2.3 times greater than female to male transmission [1,2], the risk of HIV acquisition rises for both men and women during pregnancy [3,4]. In South Africa, it is estimated that the proportion of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) from mothers who seroconverted after their first antenatal visit was 26% in 2008 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual HIV risk behaviour and associated factors among pregnant women in Mpumalanga, South Africa

Peltzer

Mlambo

2013

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundThe HIV risk increases during pregnancy. The elevated risk of HIV acquisition in pregnant women may be explained by behavioural and other factors. The aim of this study was to assess sexual HIV risk behaviour and its associated factors among pregnant women in Mpumalanga, South Africa.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 1 502 pregnant women (age range 18–47 years, mean age 26.6 years, standard deviation (SD) 6.1, and the mean gestational age was 6.5 months (SD 1.6). Antenatal women were selected, using systematic sampling from 63 primary care clinics and community health centres in Nkangala District. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsThe majority (63%) of the participants had never used a condom with their primary sexual partner in the past 3 months, 60% were not aware of the HIV status of their sexual partner, 7.6% had a casual sexual partner in the past 3 months, 20% had two or more sexual partners in the past 12 months and 17.3% reported to have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) (other than HIV) in the past 12 months. The various HIV risk behaviours were predicted, by being single and alcohol use for multiple sexual partners; by fewer antenatal visits, being HIV negative and not having used alcohol for lack of condom use; by being HIV positive, having experienced physical partner violence and psychological distress for having been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (other than HIV); and by lower education, unplanned pregnancy, non-antenatal care attendance by expectant father, the belief that antiretrovirals can cure HIV and being HIV positive for having a partner with HIV positve or unknown status.ConclusionHigh levels of sexual HIV risk behaviour were found during pregnancy. Pregnant women need to be informed of their increased risk of HIV and the importance of sexual HIV risk reduction including the use of condoms throughout pregnancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual HIV risk behaviour and associated factors among pregnant women in Mpumalanga, South Africa

Peltzer

Mlambo

2013

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…Though male to female transmission of HIV has been estimated as 2.3 times greater than female to male transmission [1, 2], the risk of HIV acquisition rises for both men and women during pregnancy [3]. This change is likely to be due to both sexual risk behaviours and to hormonal changes affecting the genital tract mucosa or immune responses [3, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Risk, Serostatus and Intimate Partner Violence Among Couples During Pregnancy in Rural South Africa

et al. 2012

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The aim of this study was to describe sexual risk behavior among 239 couples during pregnancy and to examine the relationship of sexual risk behavior with HIV serostatus and intimate partner violence. One-third (31.8 %) of pregnant women and 20.9 % of male partners were HIV positive. HIV risk factors included lack of knowledge of partners’ HIV serostatus, unprotected sexual intercourse and multiple sexual partners. Among men, multivariate logistic regression identified awareness of HIV negative partner status, multiple sexual partners and low levels of partner violence and among women Zulu or Swati ethnicity were associated with unprotected intercourse. HIV positive concordance was associated with protected sex and in multilevel analysis of couples HIV positive status and awareness of the partner’s HIV positive status were associated with protected sex. High levels of HIV risk behaviour was found among couples during pregnancy calling for HIV risk reduction interventions.

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“…Poor maintenance of records and the infrastructure necessary to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic that persisted for several decades continues to hamper effective interventions and policy changes in some segments of the population such as the aging (National Research Council 2006, Otwombe et al 2007a, 2007b, Oduaran 2008, UNAIDS 2008a. The significant contribution as of elderly caregivers of AIDS orphans, HIV/AIDS infected people including children, and to general family welfare by the older adults warrants greater focus on the challenges experienced by this population in carrying out their responsibilities and expectations of the various roles (National Research Council 2006, Bock and Johnson 2008, Kimokoti and Hamer 2008, UNAIDS 2008a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older adult caregivers to people with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of literature and policy implications for change

Njororai

2012

International Journal of Health Promotion and Education

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Using VCT statistics from Kenya in understanding the association between gender and HIV

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Sexual HIV risk behaviour and associated factors among pregnant women in Mpumalanga, South Africa

Sexual HIV risk behaviour and associated factors among pregnant women in Mpumalanga, South Africa

Sexual Risk, Serostatus and Intimate Partner Violence Among Couples During Pregnancy in Rural South Africa

Older adult caregivers to people with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of literature and policy implications for change

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