Using Wasted Rubber Material for Reducing Loads and Energy Dispersal in Building Industries: State of the Art

Abstract

The accumulation of rubber tires poses a great danger to the environment, especially since the number of cars is constantly increasing. Therefore, at the beginning work was done to recycle these tires and use them as an alternative to the natural aggregate used in concrete. It was also used in asphalt used in roads. Packaging for the Shear Connecter used in composite section. As this work gave excellent results in reducing the hardness of the shaker contactor, increasing its durability and resistance, and also preserving it from corrosion by rust. Waste rubber was also used to covering the bolts used to connect the beam with the column in steel structures. Where the presence of rubber gave a high ability to dissipate energy when the steel structure is subjected to a seismic load. It also worked to increase the displacement and increase the durability of the steel structure and also reduce the friction between the bolts and their holes. The presence of rubber around the bolt also delayed the failure time of the steel structure and thus the important aim of the research work has been achieved, which is to maintain the safety of people when the structure is exposed to an earthquake load.

Investigation on the Seismic Performance of High-Strength Bolt-Rubber (HSBR) Connection in a Steel Frame

“…While rubber has a high value for K factor, and a low value for [G] factor, where the value of [G] varies between (0.5-5) MPA, the Poisson ratio will be about 0.499, and e [e] is equal to three times [G ]. These previous determinants are very important in determining the properties used in engineering applications, as due to the increase in the accumulated numbers for wastes in general and laughing in particular, it is necessary to find solutions and methods for recycling this waste (car tire) and do not make them greatly accumulate [7,8].…”

“…• Schroeder et al (2012) [10], Studied use the ABAQUS program to determine the rotation of the Shear Tap, this study stipulates that the shear tap can resist moment but depend on the stiffness of the steel frame. Where he reached that the initial stiffness of the connection must be between (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) percent. The researcher also reached that if the contact is partially restricted, drift between floors of origin is 22% compared to the shear tap mode is supported to be perfect pin contacts.…”