The accumulation of rubber tires poses a great danger to the environment, especially since the number of cars is constantly increasing. Therefore, at the beginning work was done to recycle these tires and use them as an alternative to the natural aggregate used in concrete. It was also used in asphalt used in roads. Packaging for the Shear Connecter used in composite section. As this work gave excellent results in reducing the hardness of the shaker contactor, increasing its durability and resistance, and also preserving it from corrosion by rust. Waste rubber was also used to covering the bolts used to connect the beam with the column in steel structures. Where the presence of rubber gave a high ability to dissipate energy when the steel structure is subjected to a seismic load. It also worked to increase the displacement and increase the durability of the steel structure and also reduce the friction between the bolts and their holes. The presence of rubber around the bolt also delayed the failure time of the steel structure and thus the important aim of the research work has been achieved, which is to maintain the safety of people when the structure is exposed to an earthquake load.

This paper presents the behavior of composite slabs with different geometry of profile steel sheet where the strength of composite deck slab mainly depending on the composite action and strength of the connection between concrete and profile steel sheet. In this study, three full-scale specimens of composite slabs with different types of geometry of profile steel sheets (T-shape, triangle shape and trapezoidal shape) were cast and tested under two-point load in order to evaluate the structural behavior and shear bond of composite slabs. The results show that geometry of profile steel sheet have significantly effect on the behavior and strength of composite slab where the ultimate load increased by (32% and 133%) in composite slabs with (triangle shape and T-shape) respectively as compared with trapezoidal shape. As well as the results were satisfy in term of deflection, horizontal end slip, strain and mode of failure.

The aim of this research is to investigate experimentally the effect of adding shear connectors to the composite deck slabs which have various geometries of steel sheeting. The behavior and resistance of composite slab is basically depending on the development of longitudinal shear resistance. In this study six specimens of composite deck slabs which have different types of geometries of steel sheets (trapezoidal, triangle and T-shapes) with dimensions (1850mm x 500mm x 110mm) were casted and tested under four-point load in presence and absence of shear connectors in order to evaluate the behavior and longitudinal shear resistance of composite slabs. The results show that the adding shear connectors to composite slabs with trapezoidal shape and triangle shape act to increase ultimate load capacity by 22.2% and 17.8% respectively as compared with composite slabs without shear connectors while effect of adding shear connectors to the composite slab with T-shape was very little or can be neglected. As well as the adding shear connectors to composite slabs with trapezoidal shape and triangle shape act to decreasing the deflection as compared with the same load also act to enhance the general performance of slabs

When earthquakes occur, catastrophic damage occurs, and hundreds of people are killed. It became necessary to find an effective method to reduce the seismic effect on the Structure. This is done by using rubber-sleeved bolts in the connection of the steel frame. This study is a numerical study that contains four models that were analysed in the ABAQUS program. The difference between these models is the presence of rubber at the base of the model only and the presence of rubber at the base of the model and in the connection between the column and the beam. The results showed that the residual displacement, cumulative energy, drift ratio, and ductility index of the model containing rubber in the base connection and the beam-column connection increases by (2.536,46.029, 155.613, and 155.626 ) % respectively, compared to the model that contains rubber in the base connection only.

An earthquake is a dangerous natural phenomenon that exposes buildings to collapse and human life to danger. Due to the weakness and cost of design and implementation by seismic design requirements. Therefore, a way must be found to reduce the impact of the earthquake risk, by using the smart joints technology in steel structures. Two experimental models were analyzed theoretically, The results showed a great convergence between the experimental and theoretical programs.  The case study is a numerical study containing four rigid specimens that were analyzed in the ABAQUS / CAS (2017) program with applied a horizontal quasi-static cyclic load. The difference between these samples is the difference in thickness of the rubber washer used in the specimen where it is placed under the bolt head in the beam-column connection of the rigid steel frame. Two bolts connect the column with the angle, and the beam with the angle at the top, bottom, in both sides, and two bolts that connect the beam with the shear tab (ST), and in both sides too. Thus, the total number of bolts is twenty and the total number of rubber washer are forty. The results showed that the resistant load of the model containing rubber washer with the thickness (1,2,3 mm) in the beam-column connection increased by (11.5%, 33.8%, and 47.3%), respectively, as well as a significant improvement in the cumulative energy, the ductility residual displacement, The ductility index, The drift ratio, and the equivalent viscous damping compared to the model without rubber.