Uterine disease and its effect on subsequent reproductive performance of dairy cattle: a comparison of two cow-side diagnostic methods

Conceptual and methodological issues relating to pain assessment in mammals: The development and utilisation of pain facial expression scales

“…Moreover, physical restraint is often required to obtain these measures leading to a general stress response, further confusing interpretation of the data (see Mormède et al, (2007) for review). Poor nutrition (Ingvartsen and Moyes, 2013;Lean et al, 2013), lack of physical and mental stimulation (Matur et al, 2016;McCreary and Metz, 2016), and disease (Raaperi et al, 2012;Šavc et al, 2016) are also possible causes of changes in general body function making these measures unreliable for pain assessment. Although longer term changes in behaviour can be objectively measured, they reflect the changes between two time-point observations rather than what the animal is experiencing at any particular time (Weary et al, 2006).…”

Diagnosing postpartum endometritis in dairy cattle

“…However, there is oten disagreement between operators about the diagnosis of endometritis, 11 and, as reported in this and other studies, there is oten disagreement between diagnostic methods. 4,[8][9][10]12 Explanations for these disagreements include the subjective nature of the diagnosis, variations in the severity and type of disease and diferences in the precision of the diagnostic methods. For example, there are oten enough neutrophils in the uterus for a diagnosis of endometritis by cytobrush when there is insuicient pus for a positive diagnosis based on ultrasonography of the uterus or inspecting the contents of the vagina.…”

Application of intrauterine aerosol preparation for the treatment of cows with postpartum complications

“…Незважаючи на детальне вивчення причин виник-нення і перебіг післяродового ендометриту та лікува-льно-профілактичні заходи, спрямовані на запобіган-ня акушерсько-гінекологічних патологій, дана про-блема залишається надзвичайно актуальною та потре-бує всебічного удосконалення (Ivashkiv et al, 2012;Savc et al, 2016).…”