Utilisation of a waste biomass, walnut shells, to produce bio-products via pyrolysis: investigation using ISO-conversional and neural network methods

Insights into the levulinate-based ionic liquid class: synthesis, cellulose dissolution evaluation and ecotoxicity assessment

“…In the last ten years, biomasses have been regarded as the ultimate option for addressing the challenge of replacing the fast depleting fossil fuels as source of materials and bulk chemicals. 1,2 In particular, cellulose, which is the most abundant biopolymer on earth, has been studied for instance as a source of new polymeric materials (either for packaging or for the production of fabrics), 3 for the obtainment of new fuels (as for instance bio-ethanol) 4 or for the synthesis of useful building blocks (eg levulinic acid, HMF). 5,6 One of the most difficult aspects of cellulose processing is its low (if any) solubility in most solvents due to the inter-and intramolecular hydrogen bonding pattern present in its native structure.…”

Green Synthesis of Advanced Carbon Materials Used as Precursors for Adsorbents Applied in Wastewater Treatment

“…From the relative intensities of the different bands, several compositional differences can be established as follows: walnut shell is characterized by a lower content of ester groups (bands at 1742 and 1744 cm −1 ) [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]; the amount of oxidized aliphatic groups (such as acids, ketones, aldehydes) is higher in walnut shells (considering the bands at 1618 and 1659 cm −1 ) [ 67 , 69 ]; there are fewer aromatic groups in walnut shells (bands at 1508 and 1510 cm −1 ) [ 67 , 68 , 69 ], as compared to kernel samples. On the other hand, there are similarities between the spectra of the analyzed kernels samples.…”

“…The kernel samples present ester and carboxylic groups considering the bands at 1746 and 1659 cm −1 , respectively [ 68 ]. Likewise, the olive kernel sample indicates a higher content of aromatic compounds than the apricot kernel sample, comparing the band at 1515 cm −1 and the bands at 1539 and 1518 cm −1 , respectively [ 66 , 73 , 74 ].…”

Synthesis and characterization of MnO2/Eggplant carbon composite for enhanced supercapacitors

“…Therefore, several biomass carbon materials have been developed and exhibited excellent electrochemical performance [ 26 ]. In addition, biomass carbon materials have the advantages of renewable, low cost and environmental protection [ 27 ]. Various biomass resources such as peanut shell [ 28 ], bamboo bagasse [ 29 ], sugarcane bagasse [ 30 ], egg white [ 31 ], corn silk [ 32 ], rice husk [ 33 ], pomelo peel [ 34 ] and onion [ 35 ] have been reported as the carbon precursors for supercapacitor applications.…”