Utilisation of optical fibre measurement techniques in determination of residual stresses of composites

Laser ranging: a critical review of usual techniques for distance measurement

“…Calculations are then based on the fact that the TOF of the light pulse in a fiber is a function of the length and refractive index of the fiber, which are affected by stress, temperature and pressure. 13 Commercial applications in the civilian sector place several demands on laser-based devices. First, the so-called class 1 laser condition ͑eye-safety͒ that limits the peak power of the laser to a few watts should be fulfilled.…”