Utilisation of transparent synthetic soil surrogates in geotechnical physical models: A review

Ganiyu, Abideen Adekunle; Rashid, Ahmad Safuan A.; Osman, Muhammad Khusairi

doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2015.11.009

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…TCS is usually required to reach a fully saturated state to realize their high transparency in physical model tests, therefore, measuring the mechanical properties of saturated TCS is the premise to the development of physical model tests using TCS (Iskander et al, 2015;Ganiyu et al, 2016). When measuring the shear strength parameters of saturated soil specimens, consolidated undrained (CU) or consolidated drained (CD) triaxial compression tests should be however, during the consolidation or drainage of saturated TCS specimens, the pore fluid (mixed mineral oil) drained from the specimens will corrode rubber products (such as the latex membrane and rubber O-ring seals), resulting in a failure of the test and even instrument damage.…”

Section: Limitations To the Present Study Of Tcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transparent soil used in the technology is a two-phase medium consisting of both the skeleton and pore fluid components (Iskander et al, 2015;Ganiyu et al, 2016). Materials representing the skeleton mainly include fused quartz, fused silica, fumed silica, amorphous silica and silica gel (Ganiyu et al, 2016). Mixed liquid with a refractive index the same as the skeleton is used as the pore fluid and the commonly used pore fluid includes mixed mineral oil containing n-dodecane and 15# white oil and a solution formed by dissolving solid calcium bromide in water (Zhang et al, 2014;Kong et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material Preparation and Geotechnical Properties of Transparent Cemented Soil for Physical Modeling

et al. 2021

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The preparation of transparent materials suitable for simulating different rock and soil masses is the foundation for image-based physical modeling tests in studying deformation and failure mechanisms in geotechnical media. A transparent cemented soil (TCS) with similar geotechnical properties of natural soil and soft rock was prepared using fused quartz as the skeleton, hydrophobic fumed silica powder as the cement and mixed mineral oil of 15# white oil and n-dodecane as the pore fluid. Eleven groups of TCS samples with different shear strengths were synthesized by adjusting the content or mass ratio of the cement and particle size or gradation of the skeleton. Contrasting tests of unconsolidated-undrained triaxial compression were carried out and the mechanical characteristics of TCS were analyzed, showing that the stress-strain relationship, shear strength and failure mode of TCS are similar to those of natural soil. The mechanical parameters of TCS undergo complex variation with the factors, and the mesoscopic mechanism of the changes therein was revealed with the help of optical microscope photos. The similarity ratio of TCS to soft rock was derived according to geometries and stress conditions of laboratory model tests, demonstrating the feasibility of using TCS as similar materials to soft rock. Moreover, empirical formulas for the change of shear strength parameters with the factors were fitted to facilitate the preparation of TCS with target shear strength in the future. The findings can provide a basis for preparing transparent similar materials to natural soil and soft rock in physical modeling tests.

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Section: Limitations To the Present Study Of Tcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material Preparation and Geotechnical Properties of Transparent Cemented Soil for Physical Modeling

et al. 2021

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“…Several innovative transparent materials, which geotechnical properties are similar to natural soils (sand and clay) were used in model tests to study internal displacement, and ow problems (ISKANDER et al [1] ; GANIYU et al [2] ). Transparent sand or clay were manufactured by granular particles and pore uid with the same refractive index values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thixotropy of A Transparent Clay Manufactured by Carbopol Simulate Marine Soil

SUN

Kong

Zhou

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A transparent clay manufactured by Carbopol® UltrezTM 10 (simplified as U10) was introduced, and its manufacture processes were briefly described. Both relative transparency (RT) and modulation transfer function (MTF) methods were used to quantify the optical character variation via soil thickness. The transparency of this new transparent clay was comparative analyzed with traditional four previous transparent materials. The results show that this new transparent clay has relative higher optical transparency than majority of previous materials. The thixotropic properties of this synthetic transparent clay were measured in detail through laboratory vane test. Exponential function was used to describe the thixotropy and sensitivity of clay. The good fitting results shown similar development trend of thixotropy for synthetic transparent clay and natural one. Furthermore, sensitivity of transparent clay belongs to low to medium sensitivity, which can simulate marine soil. With the test results, Carbopol® UltrezTM 10 shows a great potential as a substitute for natural clay and is expected to be widely used in model tests.

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“…Several innovative transparent materials whose geotechnical properties are similar to natural soils (sand and clay) are used in model tests to study internal displacement and flow problems [1,2]. Transparent sand and clay are manufactured using granular particles and pore fluid with the same refractive index values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thixotropy of a Transparent Clay Manufactured Using Carbopol to Simulate Marine Soil

Sun

Kong

Zhou

et al. 2021

JMSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A transparent clay manufactured using Carbopol® UltrezTM 10 (simplified as U10) was introduced, and its manufacturing processes were briefly described. Both relative transparency (RT) and modulation transfer function (MTF) methods were used to quantify the optical character variation via soil thickness. The transparency of this new transparent clay was analyzed and compared with four traditional transparent materials. The thixotropic properties of this synthetic transparent clay were measured in detail through the laboratory vane test. An exponential function was used to describe the thixotropy and sensitivity of the clay. The results showed that the new transparent clay has a relatively higher optical transparency than the majority of previous materials. Good-fitting results showed a similar development trend in thixotropy for the synthetic transparent clay and the natural ones. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the transparent clay was low to medium, which can simulate marine soil. With higher optical transparency than and similar thixotropy and sensitivity as natural clays, Carbopol® UltrezTM 10 shows great potential as a substitute for natural clay and is expected to be widely used in model tests.

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Utilisation of transparent synthetic soil surrogates in geotechnical physical models: A review

Cited by 15 publications

References 83 publications

Material Preparation and Geotechnical Properties of Transparent Cemented Soil for Physical Modeling

Material Preparation and Geotechnical Properties of Transparent Cemented Soil for Physical Modeling

Thixotropy of A Transparent Clay Manufactured by Carbopol Simulate Marine Soil

Thixotropy of a Transparent Clay Manufactured Using Carbopol to Simulate Marine Soil

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