Utility of Different Surrogate Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (sELISAs) for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies

Kohmer, Niko; Rühl, Cornelia; Ciesek, Sandra; Rabenau, Holger F.

doi:10.3390/jcm10102128

Cited by 58 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Plaque reduction neutralization tests represent the golden standard for the detection of neutralizing antibodies. However, a positive correlation between neutralization assays and inhibition of RBD–ACE2 interaction has been obtained by many authors [ 19 , 20 ] and the antibody-mediated blockage of ACE2–spike interaction has been proposed as a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Elicits High Avidity and Neutralizing Antibodies in Healthcare Workers

et al. 2021

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The BNT162b2 vaccine, containing lipid nanoparticles-formulated mRNA encoding the full-length spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, has been employed to immunize health care workers in Italy, administered in two doses 21 days apart. In this study, we characterized the antibody response induced by the BNT162b2 vaccine in a group of health care workers, tested at baseline, after the first dose and after the booster. Thirty-nine subjects without previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine. IgM, IgG, and IgA anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) were tested by ELISA. Neutralizing antibodies were evaluated testing the inhibition of RBD binding to ACE2. Antibody avidity was measured by urea avidity ELISA. IgM anti-RBD are produced after the first dose of vaccine and persist after the booster. IgG and IgA anti-RBD antibodies are detected in high amounts in all the subjects after the first dose and further increase after the booster. A few subjects, already after the first dose, produce antibodies inhibiting RBD interaction with ACE2. After the booster, high levels of inhibitory antibodies are detected in all the subjects. Affinity maturation takes place with boosting and IgG anti-RBD avidity increases with the number of immunizations. A less pronounced increase is observed with IgA. These data indicate that the BNT162b2 vaccine can induce high levels of protective antibodies of high avidity in vaccinated subjects; both IgG and IgA anti-RBD antibodies are produced. Further studies are needed to evaluate antibody persistence over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Elicits High Avidity and Neutralizing Antibodies in Healthcare Workers

et al. 2021

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“…The number of anti-S antibodies (including IgG) to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) was measured, while the neutralizing antibodies were assessed based on their signal inhibition rate (SIR, %, cut-off value 30%) with a Genscript kit (ELISA-based SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Kit). This kit shows results similar to those of the plaque reduction neutralization test, which is considered the gold standard for measuring antibody levels against various viral diseases [ 8 ]. SIR was used to assess the capacity of antibodies to neutralize, in this case, a surrogate virus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapidly Declining SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titers within 4 Months after BNT162b2 Vaccination

Kim

Minn²,

Lim

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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The efficacy and safety of the BNT162b2 vaccine are known, but antibodies are expected to decrease over time after vaccination. We collected blood samples from 104 fully vaccinated health care workers at 3 and 5 weeks after first vaccination and 4 months after second vaccination. Antibody titers and neutralizing antibodies were measured. In our study, both antibody titers and neutralizing antibodies increased significantly at 5 weeks after first vaccination but decreased rapidly at 4 months after second vaccination. Additionally, the results showed a significant decrease regardless of gender or age. Further studies are needed to help determine the interval of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.

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“…The anti-viral activity of IgG after the first and second dose and at T90 was measured by using, as surrogate virus neutralization assay, a specific chemiluminescence microparticle antibody assay (CMIA) on Abbott ARCHITECT ® i2000sr [21,22] that detects IgG antibodies specific for RBD. The geometric mean at day 21 was 559.3 BAU/mL and increased 25 times at T28 (geometric mean 14129 BAU/mL), thus confirming the importance of re-stimulation to obtain a significant amplification of the protective response (Figure 2D).…”

Section: Serum Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Specific Memory B Cells Generation after the 2nd Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine Compensate for the Decline of Serum Antibodies and Absence of Mucosal IgA

Mortari

Russo

Vinci

et al. 2021

Cells

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Specific memory B cells and antibodies are a reliable read-out of vaccine efficacy. We analysed these biomarkers after one and two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. The second dose significantly increases the level of highly specific memory B cells and antibodies. Two months after the second dose, specific antibody levels decline, but highly specific memory B cells continue to increase, thus predicting a sustained protection from COVID-19. We show that although mucosal IgA is not induced by the vaccination, memory B cells migrate in response to inflammation and secrete IgA at mucosal sites. We show that the first vaccine dose may lead to an insufficient number of highly specific memory B cells and low concentration of serum antibodies, thus leaving vaccinees without the immune robustness needed to ensure viral elimination and herd immunity. We also clarify that the reduction of serum antibodies does not diminish the force and duration of the immune protection induced by vaccination. The vaccine does not induce sterilizing immunity. Infection after vaccination may be caused by the lack of local preventive immunity because of the absence of mucosal IgA.

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Utility of Different Surrogate Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (sELISAs) for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies

Cited by 58 publications

References 41 publications

BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Elicits High Avidity and Neutralizing Antibodies in Healthcare Workers

BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Elicits High Avidity and Neutralizing Antibodies in Healthcare Workers

Rapidly Declining SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titers within 4 Months after BNT162b2 Vaccination

Highly Specific Memory B Cells Generation after the 2nd Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine Compensate for the Decline of Serum Antibodies and Absence of Mucosal IgA

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