Utility of genetic variation in coat color genes to distinguish wild, domestic and hybrid South American camelids for forensic and judicial applications

González, Benito A.; Agapito, A; Novoa-Muñoz, Francisco; Vianna, Juliana A.; Johnson, Warren E.; Marín, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.102226

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The largest proportion was monomers (3867, 62.2%), followed by dimers (1178, 18.9%), trimers (1093, 17.6%), quadmers (59, 0.9%), pentamers (17, 0.3%) and hexamers (8, 0.1%) ( Figure 6 ). Recent studies have reported that SSRs are useful during genetic assessment of various wild animals [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that has identified microsatellites in takin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Transcriptome Assembly, Functional Annotation and SSR Marker Discovery of Qinling Takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi)

Qiu

Guo

et al. 2021

Animals

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The takin (Budorcas taxicolor) is an endemic ruminant species belonging to the bovine family. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed it as an endangered and vulnerable species. However, little is known about its molecular characterization since it lacks a reference genome. This study used RNA sequencing followed by de novo assembly, annotation and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) prediction to assess the transcriptome of Qinling takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) muscles. In total, 21,648 unigenes with an N50 and mean length of 1388 bp and 817 bp, respectively, were successfully detected and annotated against the public databases (NR, GO, KEGG, and EggNOG). Furthermore, 6222 SSRs were identified using the MIcroSAtellite (MISA) identification tool software. Taken together, these findings will provide valuable information for genetic, genomic, and evolutionary studies on takin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Transcriptome Assembly, Functional Annotation and SSR Marker Discovery of Qinling Takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi)

Qiu

Guo

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Nuclear DNA genetic profiling in wildlife forensics is almost entirely on STR markers; however, alternatives include amplified fragment length polymorphism, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), whole genome sequencing and restriction‐site associated DNA sequences (Arif et al., 2011; Caniglia et al., 2010; Carrier et al., 2022; Lee & Chang, 1994; Liang et al., 2011; Rodionov et al., 2021; Sahajpal et al., 2009; Wasser et al., 2015; Zhao et al., 2019). Although SNPs have a smaller discriminatory power than STRs owing to their biallelic nature, they are increasingly being utilized in wildlife forensics either as a complement or a substitute for STRs (González et al., 2020; Kowalczyk et al., 2018; Linacre et al., 2011).…”

Section: Dna Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Wildlife forensic genetics—Biological evidence, DNA markers, analytical approaches, and challenges

Kanthaswamy

2023

Animal Genetics

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Wildlife‐related crimes are the second most prevalent lawbreaking offense globally. This illicit trade encompasses hunting, breeding and trafficking. Besides diminishing many species and their habitats and ecosystems, hindering the economic development of local communities that depend on them, undermining the rule of law and financing terrorism, various cross‐species transmissions (zoonoses) of pathogens, including COVID‐19, can be attributed to wildlife crimes. Wildlife forensics applies interdisciplinary scientific analyses to support law enforcement in investigating wildlife crimes. Its main objectives are to identify the taxonomic species in question, determine if a crime has been committed, link a suspect to the crime and support the conviction and prosecution of the perpetrator. This article reviews wildlife crime and its implications, wildlife forensic science investigation, common forms of wildlife biological evidence, including DNA, wildlife DNA techniques and challenges in wildlife forensic genetics. The article also reviews the contributions of genetic markers such as short tandem repeat (STR) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers, which provide the probative genetic data representing the bulk of DNA evidence for solving wildlife crime. This review provides an overview of wildlife DNA databases, which are critical for searching and matching forensic DNA profiles and sequences and establishing how frequent forensic DNA profiles and sequences are in a particular population or geographic region. As such, this review will contain an in‐depth analysis of the current status of wildlife forensic genetics, and it will be of general interest to wildlife and conservation biologists, law enforcement officers, and academics interested in combating crimes against wildlife using animal forensic DNA methods.

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“…Part of the benefit of mitochondrial loci is that they are inherited maternally and as a haplotype with no recombination. Maternal inheritance can be a problem if hybrid species occur, particularly if the mother is from a nonprotected species and the father is from a species that is protected [43,44] (see Section 4.5).…”

Section: Mtdna In Species Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example where hybrids are an issue was highlighted in a case report on the alleged poaching of protected South American camelids: llamas (Lama glama), vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna), alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and guanaco (Lama guanicoe) [44]. Wild (vicuña and guanaco) and domesticated (llama and alpaca) animals roam within Chile freely and can mate to produce viable young capable of themselves producing young.…”

Section: Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Forensic Genetics

Linacre

2021

Genes

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Animal forensic genetics, where the focus is on non-human species, is broadly divided in two: domestic species and wildlife. When traces of a domestic species are relevant to a forensic investigation the question of species identification is less important, as the material comes from either a dog or a cat for instance, but more relevant may be the identification of the actual pet. Identification of a specific animal draws on similar methods to those used in human identification by using microsatellite markers. The use of cat short tandem repeats to link a cat hair to a particular cat paved the way for similar identification of dogs. Wildlife forensic science is becoming accepted as a recognised discipline. There is growing acceptance that the illegal trade in wildlife is having devasting effects on the numbers of iconic species. Loci on the mitochondrial genome are used to identify the most likely species present. Sequencing the whole locus may not be needed if specific bases can be targeted. There can be benefits of increased sensitivity using mitochondrial loci for species testing, but occasionally there is an issue if hybrids are present. The use of massively parallel DNA sequencing has a role in the identification of the ingredients of traditional medicines where studies found protected species to be present, and a potential role in future species assignments. Non-human animal forensic testing can play a key role in investigations provided that it is performed to the same standards as all other DNA profiling processes.

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Utility of genetic variation in coat color genes to distinguish wild, domestic and hybrid South American camelids for forensic and judicial applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

De Novo Transcriptome Assembly, Functional Annotation and SSR Marker Discovery of Qinling Takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi)

De Novo Transcriptome Assembly, Functional Annotation and SSR Marker Discovery of Qinling Takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi)

Review: Wildlife forensic genetics—Biological evidence, DNA markers, analytical approaches, and challenges

Animal Forensic Genetics

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