Utility of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Covid-19 Infections: Bahrain Experience

Farid, Eman; Sridharan, Kannan; Al-Segai, Ola; Khawaja, Safa Al; Mansoor, Eman J; Teraifi, Noor A; Qahtani, Manaf Al; Salman, Jameela Al

doi:10.2217/bmm-2020-0422

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Farid et al investigated the use of inflammatory biomarkers in diagnosis of the severity of COVID-19 disease and found that an increase in several biomarkers such as D-dimer, serum ferritin, and CRP was related to severe forms of COVID-19 infection. Moreover, Farid et al revealed that the serum level of IL-6 in patients who suffered from a severe form of COVID-19 disease was very high [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The laboratory findings have revealed that damage to immune effector cells and exacerbation of pro-inflammatory cytokines to COVID-19 infection may lead to lung damage, thus contributing to the growing death rate [ 1 , 6 ]. Moreover, it has become clear that the lymphocyte and platelet counts in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICU) decrease severely, while the neutrophil count in their blood increases [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of Nutrition Bio-shield superfood (NBS) on disease severity and laboratory biomarkers in patients with COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial

Mosadegh

Khalkhali²,

Erfani³

et al. 2022

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Nutrition Bio-shield superfood (NBS) on disease severity and laboratory biomarkers in patients with COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial

Mosadegh

Khalkhali²,

Erfani³

et al. 2022

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several inflammatory markers and indices including the biochemical, coagulation and hematologic parameters have been associated with dysregulated inflammatory cascade in COVID-19 [6][7][8]. These inflammatory markers/indices have been shown to aid clinical diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 patients in several reports [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, most of these markers have been evaluated predominantly among the Caucasian populations and very few have evaluated the predictive potentials of these markers in severe COVID-19 infection [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials of Varied Inflammatory Indices in the Prediction of COVID-19 Severity Among Nigerians

Lawson¹,

Amadi²

2022

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Background: The coronavirus disease of 2019 ) is theorized to be associated with significant inflammatory episodes. This tends to define the severity and culminates in adverse consequences of the disease. Therefore, the current study evaluated the potentials of varied inflammatory markers/indices that define the COVID-19 severity. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of pre-treatment data obtained from patients with positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 disease in one of the treatment centers in Port Harcourt, South-south Nigeria. Data were obtained from case notes, medical review charts, nurses' charts, and laboratory records by trained research assistants in the treatment center using pretested data acquisition templates. Abstracted data were compared between the severe positive and severe negative subgroups and the potentials of varied inflammatory indices were evaluated among the severe positive subgroup using standard protocols. Results: A total of 600 eligible cases were studied. Among the eligible cases, 543 (90.5%) had severe negative disease, while 57 (9.5%) had severe positive disease. The severe positive COVID-19 patients had higher mean blood levels of urea, creatinine, pro-calcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, higher Glasgow prognostic scores (GPS), fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrinogen-albumin ratio, total white cell count, neutrophil counts, composite neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), composite platelet to lymphocyte ratio but lower potassium, albumin, hemoglobin levels, and isolated lymphocyte and platelet counts compared to the severe positive COVID-19 subjects (p<0.05). The C-reactive protein, GPS, D-dimer, and the composite NLR ratio indices significantly predicted COVID-19 severity on the crude regression model which was maintained in the adjusted model. However, serum CRP concentrations (AUC: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.82-1.00; p<0.001) maintained a more robust predictive potential compared to the GPS (AUC: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.84-1.00; p<0.001), D-dimer levels (AUC: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.79-0.94; p=0.004), and the composite NLR (AUC: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.92). Conclusion:The current study corroborates the role of inflammation in the COVID-19 disease severity. The clinical utility of these inflammation-induced markers/indices especially the CRP, GPS, D-dimer, and the NLR should be prioritized among Nigerians during the management of the disease.

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“…There was a correlation between serum levels of IL-6 and ferritin (r = 0.64, p = 0.0001) [48]. Chen at el.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Prognostic Value of Serum Interleukin-6 Level in Hypertensive Patients with COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia

et al. 2022

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Background. An interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation. Aim. This study aimed to assess the predictive ability of serum IL-6 levels for the development of severe/critical clinical conditions, a hypoxemic state requiring supplemental oxygen, and lethal outcomes in patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia and arterial hypertension (AH). Materials and Methods. One hundred and thirty-five unvaccinated patients hospitalized for COVID-19-associated pneumonia were enrolled in the study. AH was diagnosed in 78.5% of cases. Pneumonia was confirmed radiologically. SARS-COV-2 as an etiological factor was confirmed by either PCR or ELISA. In addition to conventional laboratory tests, IL-6, ferritin, and soluble interleukin-2 levels were measured. Results. Among AH patients, the median levels of IL-6 were higher in non-survivors (95.1 [37.8 - 158.8] pg/mL) as compared to survivors (39.5 [13.6 - 81.1] pg/mL) (p=0.04). Among AH patients, the median serum level of IL-6 was 98.3 [37.8 - 158.8] pg/mL in critically ill patients, 41.7 [11.8 - 83.4] pg/mL in severely ill patients, 37.8 [13.6 - 74.4] pg/mL in moderately ill patients (p=0.051). The median serum level of IL-6 was lower at the time of discharge (6.5 [2.0 - 21.5] pg/mL) as compared to that on admission (43.2 [16.1 - 92.0] pg/mL) (p< 0.001). IL-6 level failed to predict severe/critical condition (AUC=0.59, p=0.13) and the need for supplemental oxygen (AUC=0.61, p=0.06); however, it might be used for the prediction of the lethal outcome (AUC=0.69, p=0.03). The cut-off value of IL-6 level for lethal outcome prediction of 91.0 pg/mL showed a sensitivity of 58.3% and a specificity of 78.7%. Patients with IL-6 levels > 91.0 pg/mL on admission had higher odds of lethal outcomes (OR = 4.87 [1.40 - 16.92], p=0.01). Conclusions. Serum IL-6 level on admission did not show significant predictive ability for severe/critical conditions and hypoxemic states requiring supplemental oxygen in AH patients. However, serum IL-6 levels on admission were higher in non-survivors and might be used for the prediction of lethal outcomes with a cut-off value of 91.0 pg/mL in AH patients.

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Utility of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Covid-19 Infections: Bahrain Experience

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

The effect of Nutrition Bio-shield superfood (NBS) on disease severity and laboratory biomarkers in patients with COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial

The effect of Nutrition Bio-shield superfood (NBS) on disease severity and laboratory biomarkers in patients with COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial

Potentials of Varied Inflammatory Indices in the Prediction of COVID-19 Severity Among Nigerians

Prognostic Value of Serum Interleukin-6 Level in Hypertensive Patients with COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia

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