Utility of σ and π‐Acceptors for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Gemifloxacin Mesylate in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Abstract

In this study, four simple, fast, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of gemifloxacin mesylate in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the charge transfer complexation reaction of the drug as n-electron donor with sigma (σ)-acceptor iodine, and the pi (π)-acceptors 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ)-7,7,8,8-tetra cyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). The obtained charge transfer complexes were measured at 290nm for iodine (in 1, 2-dichloro ethane), at 470, 840 and 420 nm for DDQ, TCNQ and TCNE (in acetonitrile), respectively. Optimization of different experimental conditions is described. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 6-30, 2-10, 2.5-12.5 and 1-5 µg mL -1 for iodine, DDQ, TCNQ and TCNE methods, respectively. The proposed methods were applied successfully to the determination of GFX in pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy and precision.

Spectrofluorimetric determination of gemifloxacin mesylate and linezolid in pharmaceutical formulations: Application of quinone-based fluorophores and enhanced native fluorescence

“…In comparison of the developed methods and the reported ones (11)(12)(13), the analysis based on fluorescence provides better sensitivity than the spectrophotometric technique by four orders of magnitude. Linearity ranges were found to be 50-500, 10-60 and 20-400 ng mL -1 for TCNQ, CLA methods for GEM and native fluorescence method for LIN, respectively.…”

“…The literature survey revealed several reported analytical approaches for its determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological fluids. Various spectrophotometric (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) and spectrofluorimetric (12, 13) methods were described. Chromatographic methods were also reported and include capillary electrophoresis (14), HPTLC (15) and HPLC (16).…”

Gemifloxacin mesylate: UV spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination using experimental design for robustness

“…2,3 The drug is approved by FDA only for respiratory indications: acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and communityacquired pneumonia, including that caused by known or suspected multidrug resistant strains of S. pneumoniae, because it has good penetration into respiratory secretions, such as the epithelial lining fluid and into alveolar macrophages, with adequate concentrations at the site of the infection. 4,5 Although there are studies describing the determination of GFM in biological fluids by HPLC-MS, 6,7 HPLC-ESI-MS-MS, 8 HPLC and HPTLC 9 and in tablets by VIS spectrophotometry, 10,11 HPLC 12 and microbiological assay 13 there are no studies describing quantification methods by UV spectrophotometry. Then the main objective of this study was to develop a simple, fast and low cost UV spectrophotometry method, without extraction process, derivatization, evaporation step, and complexation agent, providing decrease in time and error in the quantitative determination of GFM in coated tablets.…”

Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of some fluoroquinolone antibiotics in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations

“…Several methods have been reported for the determination of fluoroquinolones either in pure forms, in dosage forms, or in biological fluids like chromatography [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], capillary zone electrophoresis [10,11], electrochemistry [12][13][14][15], atomic absorption spectrometry [16,17], spectrofluorimetry [18][19][20][21] and spectrophotometric methods for GMF [22][23][24][25][26][27][28], MOX [16,[29][30][31][32][33] and GTF [16,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. These methods are associated with some major drawbacks such as decreased selectivity due to measurement in ultraviolet region [22,23,29,30] and/or de...…”