Utilización de nuevas materias primas y residuos industriales para mejorar las posibilidades de uso de los materiales cerámicos del área de Bailén (Jaén)

Abstract

Raw materials used by the ceramic industry in Jaén (southern Spain) consist of mixtures of carbonated clays from the Guadalquivir Basin and red clays from the Iberian Massif. The mixtures formulation usually obeys empirical experience developed by this industry for many generations. This work, evaluates different possibilities of using these raw materials to manufacture new ceramic products on the basis of clay physical-chemical properties and analyzes limitations to produce high added value products. As an alternative to overcome these limitations, the mixture of these clays with raw materials from near regions (pyrophyllite clay) and with different industrial wastes is proposed. These wastes are screen glass from monitors and oil impregnated diatomaceous earth. The study of the technological properties shows that the new mixtures are suitable for the processing of ceramic products in which structural and thermal insulating properties are improved or kept.

Relation between the microstructure and technological properties of porcelain stoneware. A review

“…Besides the main raw materials, energetic fluxing agents and colorants can be added as additives to the paste formulation (12). In recent years, the scientific community is working hard to change the compositions of ceramic pastes for building materials by incorporating industrial and agricultural wastes (13)(14)(15). Figure 1 depicts a diagram that represents compositions of triaxial ceramic products in which a standard composition of porcelain tile is located.…”

The exploitation of sludge from aggregate plants in the manufacture of porous fired clay bricks

“…In the case of the clay, also performed on three samples, we obtained a liquid limit of 30% and a plastic limit of 21.40%, giving a plasticity index of 8.60% (Table 6). Therefore, as these indexes are below those recommended for manufacturing fired clay bricks (15%-25%), we can assert that these two materials cannot be used in isolation (10). Based on these results, we decided to use 10.7% of water in the mixing process of the new mixtures, since both materials are present.…”

“…On the contrary, other avenues of research have been left completely open because it is believed that the use of sludge to enhance the properties of porcelain stoneware, CEB, mortar and other construction materials is perfectly viable. If it was opted to study its implementation in porous fired clay bricks, it is due to the similarities in the mineral composition of sludge and clay (10).…”