Utilización de Residuos Forestales Lignocelulósicos para Producción del Hongo Ostra (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Abstract

ResumenSe estudió el potencial de distintos residuos forestales como sustrato para el cultivo del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus. Para ello, se analizó la composición química de estos residuos, antes y después de la etapa de cosecha, y se midieron distintas variables fenológicas y morfológicas así como el rendimiento y la calidad de los cuerpos fructíferos de Pleurotus ostreatus tras la cosecha. Se fijaron cuatro tratamientos: astillas de álamo, astillas de eucalipto, mezcla de paja de trigo y eucalipto, y paja de trigo como testigo. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que todos los sustratos, principalmente paja de trigo y mezcla paja de trigo más eucalipto son aptos para el cultivo de Pleurotus ostreatus. El nivel proteico de este hongo fue elevado en todos los sustratos y la relación carbono/nitrógeno de los mismos disminuyó después de cosecha. Palabras clave: hongo ostra, residuos forestales, residuos lignocelulósicos, sustratos Use of Lignocellulosic Forest Residues for Oyster Mushroom Production (Pleurotus ostreatus) AbstractOrganic waste resulting from the forest practices, containing lignocellulosic carbon sources, was used in the production of the mushroom specie Pleurotus ostreatus. For this, the chemical composition before and after harvest were analyzed, the phenological and morphological variables were determined and yield and quality of harvested fruit bodies also determined. Four treatments were performed: chips of poplars, chips of eucalyptus, a mixture of wheat straw and eucalyptus, and wheat straw as witness. The results showed that all substrates, especially wheat straw and wheat straw with eucalyptus, are suitable for the production of Pleurotus ostreatus. This species showed a high protein level in all the studied substrates, and the ratio carbon/nitrogen decreased after harvest.

Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of the Spent Substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes

“…Crop of mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) it is a source of products agricultural, their organic waste generated can be used as a source of food with high protein content and as an alternative pharmaceutical treatment; Pleurotus ostreatus is a fungus that has the ability to grow on agricultural wastes, accelerates the biodegradation and recycling them, avoiding its burning and the subsequent environmental pollution (Varnero, Quiroz, & Álvarez, 2010). Lentinula edodes, fungi edible, is the most studied, has been shown that fruiting body and mycelium have antimicrobial properties; likewise, the lentine inhibits mycelium growth of other fungi as Physalospora piricola, Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Botrytis cinerea (Rojas, 2013;Romero-Arenas, Martínez, Damian, Ramírez, & López-Olguín, 2015).…”

Reuse of degraded Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. substrate by supplementation with wheat bran. Quantitative parameters

“…These same researchers (Pardo et al 2007), grew P. ostreatus on substrates of a varied lignocellulosic nature (cereal straw, kenaf, vine shoot, and “alperujo”) that were subjected to various treatments (pasteurization and thermophilic conditions, moisturizing with benomyl and pasteurization and fermentation semi-anaerobic); they reached values between 0.87 cones/hole, for the combination of straw and “alperujo” 1:1 (v/v) and 1.35 cones/hole for mixing straw and kenaf, and between 0.70 cones/hole, with pasteurization and thermophilic conditions and 1.52 cones/hole in semi-anaerobically fermented substrates. Varnero et al (2010), with P. ostreatus cultivated on WS substrates, eucalyptus chips, slivers of poplar, and mixture of WS and eucalyptus chips; they came to achieve in 1 kg of substrate, a cluster number that ranged from 2.8 (poplar chips) to 5.2 (WS).…”

“…No supplementation is enhanced by supplementation of 600 g in WS + SPS and SPS. Varnero et al (2010) in 1 kg of substrate achieved from 3.4 carpophores only (poplar chips) to 18.2 fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom. Pardo et al (2005a) show values ranging from 42 mushrooms/package of 15 kg to 80 mushrooms/package of 15 kg, depending on type of mycelium, substrates nature, and treatment of substrates to which they are subjected.…”

“…In another study in Castilla – La Mancha, Gea et al (2009), they reached figures ranging from 12.41 g (protein supplement) to 14.51 g (unsupplemented control treatment). Varnero et al (2010) tested eucalyptus and poplar chips as a substrate, and found that they are detrimental to yield components (4.2 and 8.7 g, respectively) compared to WS substrate where the mushrooms come to have an average unit weight of 18.10 g; combining straw and eucalyptus chips remained in intermediate positions, with mushrooms weighing 9.80 g.…”

Efecto del Pretratamiento de Biomasa Maderera en el Rendimiento a Etanol

“…Normalmente, los residuos de la industria maderera son incinerados para generación de energía y calefacción, o son dispuestos finalmente como basura, siendo una fuente potencial de biomasa renovable para producir etanol. Las alternativas de aprovechamiento implementadas hasta el momento se han enfocado fundamentalmente hacia su recuperación energética (Varnero et al, 2010).…”