Utilization of Cassava Wastewater for Low-Cost Production of Prodigiosin via Serratia marcescens TNU01 Fermentation and Its Novel Potent α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to reuse cassava wastewater (CW) for scaled-up production, via the fermentation of prodigiosin (PG), and to conduct an evaluation of its bioactivities. PG was produced at the yield of high 6150 mg/L in a 14 L-bioreactor system, when the designed novel medium (7 L), containing CW and supplemented with 0.25% casein, 0.05% MgSO4, and 0.1% K2HPO4, was fermented with Serratia marcescens TNU01 at 28 °C in 8 h. The PG produced and purified in this study was assayed for some medical effects and showed moderate antioxidant, high anti-NO (anti-nitric oxide), and potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Notably, PG was first reported as a novel effective α-glucosidase inhibitor with a low IC50 value of 0.0183 µg/mL. The commercial anti-diabetic drug acarbose was tested for comparison and had a lesser effect with a high IC50 value of 328.4 µg/mL, respectively. In a docking study, the cation form of PG (cation-PG) was found to bind to the enzyme α-glucosidase by interacting with two prominent amino acids, ASP568 and PHE601, at the binding site on the target enzyme, creating six linkages and showing a better binding energy score (−14.6 kcal/mol) than acarbose (−10.5 kcal/mol). The results of this work suggest that cassava wastewater can serve as a low-cost raw material for the effective production of PG, a potential antidiabetic drug candidate.

Utilization of By-Product of Groundnut Oil Processing for Production of Prodigiosin by Microbial Fermentation and Its Novel Potent Anti-Nematodes Effect

“…All the experiments with casein supplementation did not enhance PG yield. Different from other previous reports, almost all media using low-cost or by-product materials for fermentation needed to add some sources of commercial-free protein [1,2,13,14,21,[25][26][27]29,42]. In our earlier study, S. marcescens TNU02 was used for PG production via fermentation of crab shell powder-this waste contains low protein content (around 5.3%) [43].…”

“…The untreated OWs may cause the serious issue of environmental pollution. However, OWs are often rich in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and minerals, and may thus be utilized for various purposes [1]. In current years, the research on recycling OWs for the cost-effective production of bioactive compounds has been an emerging topic [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…Considering the issue of cost-effective PG production and environmental pollution, we evaluated organic wastes for PG production in this study. In our previous works, various fishery processing by-products were investigated for PG production [1,2,5,25,26]. In this study, we evaluated the potential use of GNC as a raw and cost-effective substrate for PG production.…”

Novel α-Amylase Inhibitor Hemi-Pyocyanin Produced by Microbial Conversion of Chitinous Discards

“…Microbial fermentation is another approach to produce natural compounds including CDEIs [ 2 , 3 , 5 , 17 , 22 ]. In our previous works, we reported the production and purification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from microbes [ 17 , 24 ] and extensively used MCWs as C/N sources for the production of α-glucosidase inhibitors via fermentation [ 7 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Given our past research on recycling organic wastes into value-added anti-diabetic compounds, in this study, we investigated the use of CDEIs for the cost-effective production of aAIs via microbial fermentation.…”

Synthesis, Anticancer Potential and Comprehensive Toxicity Studies of Novel Brominated Derivatives of Bacterial Biopigment Prodigiosin from Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117

“…Indeed, usually fed-batch fermentation was found to be optimal for PG as well as some other biopigments production [10,46,52]. For example, by optimizing culture medium using brown sugar or cassava wastewater as low-cost carbon sources in a 5 L agitator bioreactor, yields of 8.1 g/L and 6.1 g/L were achieved, respectively [49,53].…”