Utilization of catechin and its metabolites by Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Two fungal strains, effective in converting valonea (Quercus aegilops) tannins into ellagic acid (EA), were isolated from soil contaminated by valonea tannins, and were tentatively identified as Aspergillus niger and Candida utilis. Properties of EA accumulation by the two isolates from valonea tannins' fermentation were studied. Both the strains preferred sucrose to glucose as the additional carbon and energy source. The most suitable concentrations of valonea tannins in fermentation media for EA accumulation by A niger and C utilis were 5.0 and 9.0 g dm −3 with EA yields of 12.1 and 8.9% (w/w), respectively. The optimal temperature for the two strains was 28• C, while the preferred pH values of the fermentation media were 4.5-5.0 for A niger and 4.8-5.2 for C utilis. The tannin tolerances of A niger and C utilis were adapted to 20 and 25 g dm −3 by gradually increasing the concentrations of valonea tannins in the culture media. The adapted strain of A niger was able to completely degrade 20 g dm −3 valonea tannins with an EA yield of 14.3% in 9 days. Meanwhile, the adapted strain of C utilis decreased the valonea tannins' level from 25 to 9.1 g dm −3 with an EA yield of 11.48%. The degradation ability of A niger came from tannase whose activity in the medium was 63 U cm −3 at the ninth day of fermentation, and that of C utilis was due to both tannase and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) whose activities were 32 U cm −3 and 29 U cm −3 at the ninth day. The coculture of both the adapted strains could completely degrade 25 g dmvalonea tannins in only 7 days with a remarkably increased EA yield (21%). The activities of tannase and PPO of the coculture at the seventh day were 66 U cm −3 and 47 U cm −3 respectively, which proved the synergistic effect of the two enzymes on valonea tannins' degradation and EA accumulation.

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“…Cell‐free enzyme extracts were prepared by ultrasonication as described earlier 16. All samples and the controls were analyzed in triplicate.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Production of ellagic acid from degradation of valonea tannins by Aspergillus niger and Candida utilis

Shi

Yao

et al. 2005

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…However, catechin and oxalate co-incubation studies show that the oxalate has no direct effect on the chemical structure or stability of (±)-catechin (data not shown). It is possible that the presence of L. sericeus in the field attracts microbial communities that degrade catechin, and in fact it has been shown that Bradyrhizobium japonicus can utilize catechin as a sole carbon source (Hopper and Mahadevan 1997). …”

Section: Oxalate May Influence Plant Interactions In Natural Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Oxalate contributes to the resistance of Gaillardia grandiflora and Lupinus sericeus to a phytotoxin produced by Centaurea maculosa

Weir

Bais

Stull

et al. 2006

Planta

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Centaurea maculosa Lam. is a noxious weed in western North America that produces a phytotoxin, (+/-)-catechin, which is thought to contribute to its invasiveness. Areas invaded by C. maculosa often result in monocultures of the weed, however; in some areas, North American natives stand their ground against C. maculosa and show varying degrees of resistance to its phytotoxin. Two of these resistant native species, Lupinus sericeus Pursh and Gaillardia grandiflora Van Houtte, were found to secrete increased amounts of oxalate in response to catechin exposure. Mechanistically, we found that oxalate works exogenously by blocking generation of reactive oxygen species in susceptible plants and reducing oxidative damage generated in response to catechin. Furthermore, field experiments show that L. sericeus indirectly facilitates native grasses in grasslands invaded by C. maculosa, and this facilitation can be correlated with the presence of oxalate in soil. Addition of exogenous oxalate to native grasses and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh grown in vitro alleviated the phytotoxic effects of catechin, supporting the field experiments and suggesting that root-secreted oxalate may also act as a chemical facilitator for plant species that do not secrete the compound.

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“…The pathways for flavonoid biodegradation in a number of bacterial species have been proposed and partially characterized, although the enzymes and intermediates have not been satisfactorily elucidated (Barz, 1970;Pillai & Swarup, 2002;Rao & Cooper, 1994Rao et al, 1991;Arunachalam et al, 2003;Hopper & Mahadevan, 1997;Schoefer et al, 2003;Winter et al, 1989;Braune et al, 2001;Jeffrey et al, 1972). Rhizobium leguminosarum bv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many cases, common intermediate molecules were observed in the degradation of several flavonoids by aerobic bacteria. For example, phloroglucinol and protocatechuic acid originated from quercetin (Rao et al, 1991;Rao & Cooper, 1994) and catechin (Arunachalam et al, 2003;Hopper & Mahadevan, 1997) after C-ring cleavage. Additionally, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, as well as phloroglucinol, were detected in the degradation of other flavonoids by anaerobic bacteria (Winter et al, 1989;Schoefer et al, 2003;Braune et al, 2001;Schneider & Blaut, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naringenin degradation by the endophytic diazotroph Herbaspirillum seropedicae SmR1

et al. 2013

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Several bacteria are able to degrade flavonoids either to use them as carbon sources or as a detoxification mechanism. Degradation pathways have been proposed for several bacteria, but the genes responsible are not known. We identified in the genome of the endophyte Herbaspirillum seropedicae SmR1 an operon potentially associated with the degradation of aromatic compounds. We show that this operon is involved in naringenin degradation and that its expression is induced by naringenin and chrysin, two closely related flavonoids. Mutation of fdeA, the first gene of the operon, and fdeR, its transcriptional activator, abolished the ability of H. seropedicae to degrade naringenin.

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Utilization of catechin and its metabolites by Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Production of ellagic acid from degradation of valonea tannins by Aspergillus niger and Candida utilis

Production of ellagic acid from degradation of valonea tannins by Aspergillus niger and Candida utilis

Oxalate contributes to the resistance of Gaillardia grandiflora and Lupinus sericeus to a phytotoxin produced by Centaurea maculosa

Naringenin degradation by the endophytic diazotroph Herbaspirillum seropedicae SmR1

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