Utilization of feed resources in the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway: An update for 2016

Synnøve, Turid; Ytrestøyl, Trine; Åsgård, Torbjørn

doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2019.100216

Cited by 144 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The oil fraction of today's commercial diets for Atlantic salmon is based on 70% rapeseed oil and 30% fish oil, compared to traditional diets where the oil fraction was purely based on fish oil [19]. This has resulted in a major reduction in EPA, DHA, and PA and an increase in OA in adipose tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These FA were selected based on their relevance on current feeding practices. While the content of OA has increased in Atlantic salmon diets, that of PA and EPA has decreased [19,20]. Changes in dietary FA composition are reflected in the tissues and organs of the fish [21].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Atlantic salmon has been ranked as the most efficient aquaculture production system [22,23], being an important source of protein, omega-3 FA, vitamins, and minerals for human consumption. Atlantic salmon are fed high-lipid diets in commercial production [19]. As in mammals, excess of energy is translated into increased abdominal fat deposition.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Lipid Deposition and Mobilisation in Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes

Bou

Wang

Todorčević

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The present study aimed to elucidate how Atlantic salmon adipocytes pre-enriched with palmitic (16:0, PA), oleic (18:1n−9, OA), or eicosapentaenoic (20:5n−3, EPA) acid respond to a fasting condition mimicked by nutrient deprivation and glucagon. All experimental groups were supplemented with radiolabeled PA to trace secreted lipids and distribution of radioactivity in different lipid classes. There was a higher content of intracellular lipid droplets in adipocytes pre-enriched with OA than in adipocytes pre-enriched with PA or EPA. In the EPA group, the radiolabeled PA was mainly esterified in phospholipids and triacylglycerols, whereas in the OA and PA groups, the radioactivity was mainly recovered in phospholipids and cholesterol-ester. By subjecting the experimental groups to nutrient-deprived media supplemented with glucagon, lipolysis occurred in all groups, although to a lower extent in the OA group. The lipids were mainly secreted as esterified lipids in triacylglycerols and phospholipids, indicating mobilization in lipoproteins. A significant proportion was secreted as free fatty acids and glycerol. Leptin secretion was reduced in all experimental groups in response to fasting, while the mitochondria area responded to changes in the energy supply and demand by increasing after 3 h of fasting. Overall, different lipid classes in adipocytes influenced their mobilization during fasting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Lipid Deposition and Mobilisation in Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes

Bou

Wang

Todorčević

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…However, previous studies have mainly used small fish (<2 kg) and fishmeal as the major dietary protein source. Studies with krill meal supplemented to plant-based/low fishmeal diets, representing the current industrial practice (3,17) , and fed to fish reaching normal slaughter weight, are warranted. Furthermore, underlying mechanisms by which krill meal affects fish health and fillet quality are still poorly understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dietary inclusion of Antarctic krill meal during the finishing feed period improves health and fillet quality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)

et al. 2020

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There is an urgent need to find alternative feed resources that can further substitute fishmeal in Atlantic salmon diets without compromising health and food quality, in particular during the finishing feeding period when the feed demand is highest and flesh quality effects are most significant. This study investigates efficacy of substituting a isoprotein (35 %) and isolipid (35 %) low fishmeal diet (FM, 15 %) with Antarctic krill meal (KM, 12 %) during 3 months with growing finishing 2·3 kg salmon (quadruplicate sea cages/diet). Final body weight (3·9 (SE 0·04) kg) was similar in the dietary groups, but the KM group had more voluminous body shape, leaner hearts and improved fillet integrity, firmness and colour. Ectopic epithelial cells and focal Ca deposits in intestine were only detected in the FM group. Transcriptome profiling by microarray of livers showed dietary effects on several immune genes, and a panel of structural genes were up-regulated in the KM group, including cadherin and connexin. Up-regulation of genes encoding myosin heavy chain proteins was the main finding in skeletal muscle. Morphology examination by scanning electron microscopy and secondary structure by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy revealed more ordered and stable collagen architecture of the KM group. NEFA composition of skeletal muscle indicated altered metabolism of n-3, n-6 and SFA of the KM group. The results demonstrated that improved health and meat quality in Atlantic salmon fed krill meal were associated with up-regulation of immune genes, proteins defining muscle properties and genes involved in cell contacts and adhesion, altered fatty acid metabolism and fat deposition, and improved gut health and collagen structure.

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“…While Atlantic salmon are strictly carnivorous in the wild, farmed Atlantic salmon have experienced a substantial shift in the diet composition due to a limited supply of marine ingredients. Marine ingredients used for Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon have gradually been replaced by plant sources, decreasing from ~90% in 1990 to ~25% in 2016 [7]. Due to concerns on the economic, environmental and social sustainability of the current raw materials for Atlantic salmon farming [6], more sustainable alternative feed ingredients, such as insects [8] and yeasts [9], have been developed and used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential response of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota to dietary black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal in seawater phase Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Bruni

Jaramillo-Torres

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Intestinal digesta is commonly used for studying responses of microbiota to dietary shifts, yet evidence is accumulating that it represents an incomplete view of the intestinal microbiota. The present work aims to investigate the differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and how they may respond differently to dietary perturbations. In a 16-week seawater feeding trial, Atlantic salmon were fed either a commercially-relevant reference diet or an insect meal diet containing ~15% black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) larvae meal. The digesta- and mucosa-associated distal intestinal microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Regardless of diet, we observed substantial differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota. Microbial richness and diversity were much higher in the digesta than the mucosa. The insect meal diet altered the distal intestinal microbiota resulting in higher microbial richness and diversity. The diet effect, however, depended on the sample origin. Digesta-associated intestinal microbiota showed more pronounced changes than the mucosa-associated microbiota. Multivariate association analyses identified two mucosa-enriched taxa, Brevinema andersonii and unclassified Spirochaetaceae , associated with the expression of genes related to immune responses and barrier function in the distal intestine, respectively. Conclusions: Our data show that salmon intestinal digesta and mucosa harbor microbial communities with clear differences. Mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota seems more resilient to variations in the diet composition than digesta-associated intestinal microbiota. To fully unveil the response of intestinal microbiota to dietary changes, concurrent profiling of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota is recommended whenever feasible.

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Utilization of feed resources in the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway: An update for 2016

Cited by 144 publications

References 30 publications

Lipid Deposition and Mobilisation in Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes

Lipid Deposition and Mobilisation in Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes

Dietary inclusion of Antarctic krill meal during the finishing feed period improves health and fillet quality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)

Differential response of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota to dietary black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal in seawater phase Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

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