Utilization of hexamethylenetetramine (urotropine) by bacteria and yeasts

Abstract

A slow growing bacterial population able to utilize hexamethylelenetetramine (urotropine) as sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy was isolated from soil. From this crude enrichment culture two bacteria were isolated and identified as Brevundimonas diminuta and a Phyllobacterium sp. by sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. These bacteria also grew on urotropine but at a lower rate than the enrichment culture. Addition of glucose to the latter resulted in growth of some yeasts that overgrew the bacteria. Assimilation of urotropine as sole nitrogen source is very common among yeasts, 46 out of 60 species tested showed this characteristic.

Impact of hexamine addition to a nitrite‐based additive on fermentation quality, Clostridia and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a white lupin‐wheat silage

“…The effect of increasing hexamine application rate on yeast numbers and ethanol content was different in the two experiments. In unwilted silage, S. cerevisiae numbers increased curvilinearly while ethanol content increased linearly with increasing hexamine rate, supporting the finding that hexamine may in some situations increase yeast fermentation. In wilted silage, increasing the hexamine rate decreased S. cerevisiae copy numbers while ethanol concentrations did not change, despite high residual WSC contents in the silages.…”

“…Formaldehyde impairs lactic acid bacteria growth and increases pH . On the other hand, certain indigenous soil bacteria and yeasts use hexamine as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy . Based on that, increasing levels of hexamine in silage might simultaneously increase yeast fermentation.…”

“…12 On the other hand, certain indigenous soil bacteria and yeasts use hexamine as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. 17 Based on that, increasing levels of hexamine in silage might simultaneously increase yeast fermentation. More information is needed about the effects on silage quality of increasing amounts of hexamine in mixtures with sodium nitrite.…”

Hexamine adsorption study on activated carbon from aqueous solutions for application in treatment of hexamine industrial wastewater

“…The steam stripper separates the ammonia from the solution. Hexamine has a very stable structure which made the molecule recalcitrant to oxidation via methylotrophic pathway reactions so that very few microorganisms in soil can break it to utilize as sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy (Middelhoven and van Doesburg 2007).…”

The influence of sorption on polyaromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation in the presence of modified nonionic surfactant organoclays

“…and M. bullata, are known to have the ability to biodegrade various xenobiotic aromatic compounds as sole carbon and energy sources. For example, B. diminuta has been identified as a PAH biodegrader in creosote-contaminated soils (Viñas et al, 2005) and has been shown to utilize hexamethylenetetramine (urotropine) and trifluralin (alpha, alpha, alphatrifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) as sole carbon source, sole nitrogen source and sole energy source (Bellinaso et al, 2003;Middelhoven and van Doesburg, 2007). Caulobacter spp.…”