Utilization of Iles-Iles and Sorghum Starch for Bioethanol Production

Abstract

The aims of this study were to convert the starches from iles-iles tubers (Amorphophalus campanulatus) and sorghum grains (Sorghum bicolor L) into bioethanol as an alternative energy. Both of these agricultural products contains a high content starches and they do not use as the major foods in Indonesia. To find out the maximum ethanol concentration and yield, both the raw materials were converted to ethanol on various process variables including the concentration of flour substrate solution (100-300 g/L), β-amylase enzyme concentration (0.8 - 6.4 ml/kg of flour ), the concentration of dry yeast S. cerevisiae (2-15 g), and fermentation time (72-168 hours). The results showed that at the flour substrate concentration of 250 g/L produced the maximum ethanol contents of 100.29 g/L and 95.11 g/L for iles-iles and sorghum, respectively. Effect of β-amylase enzyme in the saccharification process showed that at concentration of 3.2 ml/kg the maximum reducing sugar content of 204.94 g/L and 193.15 g/L for iles-iles and sorghum substrate, respectively were generated therefore it was corresponding to the maximum ethanol production. The concentration effect of dry yeast S. cerevisiae in the fermentation stage for the iles-iles and sorghum substrate revealed that the maximum ethanol obtained at 5 g yeast activated in 100 ml medium starter resulted the highest ethanol content 100.29 g/L 95.11 g/L for iles-iles and sorghum substrate, respectively. To determine the effect of fermentation time on ethanol yield from iles-iles and sorghum substrate, the fermentation process were performed at 3, 5, and 7 days. The maximum ethanol fermentation was obtained at 5 days fermentation. The ethanol yield is calculated by weight of ethanol is formed (g) divided by the weight of flour (g). Based on the experiment results, conducted, generally the highest ethanol yield of iles-iles was higher than that of sorghum flour. The highest yield (g/g) iles-iles and sorghum flour were 71.25 and 68.92 respectively

Optimization Method for Bioethanol Production from Giant Cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> var. Gajah) Originated from East Kalimantan

“…1.2-2.25% [16][17]35], but still lower than other reports i.e. 4.2-10.0% [12,15,20,[36][37][38][39][40], 28.18-29.33% [39,41].…”

“…Enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides showed higher reducing sugars, i.e. about 20.49 and 19.32% in hydrolysate following liquefaction and saccharification of iles-iles and sorghum starch, respectively [15].…”

“…Raw material which is rich in starch, e.g. cassava [12], sweet potatoes [13], sago [6], sorghum, banana [14], iles-iles [15], and breadfruit [16]; rich in lignocellulose, e.g. sugarcane bagasse [17], coconut husk [18], macaranga wood [19], cassava peel [20], durian seed [21], and rice straw [22] are one of the raw materials for bioethanol generation.…”

Effect of Dilute Acid and Alkaline Pretreatments on Enzymatic Saccharfication of Palm Tree Trunk Waste for Bioethanol Production

“…Various processes have been developed for ethanol production. Among these, SSF requires little energy [18] compared to separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) procedures. SSF reportedly gives greater ethanol yields than SHF, reflecting less inhibition during saccharification [19].…”