Utilization of novel bithiazole based conducting polymers in electrochromic applications

Abstract

In this paper we disclose the synthesis of a novel monomer (2,2′-di-pyrrol-1-yl-[4,4′]bithiazolyl, PyDBTH) and the optoelectronic properties of the resultant conducting polymers. PyDBTH was synthesized via the Clauson-Kaas reaction of 2,2′-diamino-4,4′-bithiazole with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran in acetic acid which was characterized by 1H, 13C-NMR, FTIR and MS analyses. Homopolymerization and copolymerization (in the presence of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) were achieved in a tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) dichloromethane system. The electrochemical and electrochromic properties of the homopolymer and copolymers were examined by cyclic voltammetry, FTIR, spectroelectrochemistry and kinetic studies. Depending on the synthesis conditions, the bithiazole based polymers exhibited optical band gaps ranging from 2.60 to 1.75 eV and the copolymers displayed multichromism within a wide span of the visible spectrum. The copolymers revealed short switching times and useful optical contrast of 0.6 s and 54%, respectively. Due to its favorable electrochromic properties, utilization of bithiazole based polymers in electrochromic devices was also investigated. These devices exhibited low switching voltages and switching times with reasonable stability under atmospheric conditions.

A Solution‐processible, n‐dopable polypyrrole derivative

“…NI (0.4 g) was introduced to acetic acid (8.435 mL) and stirred for 10 min under argon atmosphere 21. To this mixture, 2,5‐dimethoxytetrahydrofuran (0.175 mL) was added and refluxed for 24 h. After the removal of the solvent, the residue was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 /saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 and CH 2 Cl 2 /H 2 O three times and then dried by anhydrous MgSO 4 .…”

Polypyrrole derivatives for electrochromic applications

“…The bithiazole containing pyrrole (5) derivative was electrochemically polymerized both in the absence and presence of EDOT. 51 The resultant polymers exhibited optical bandgaps ranging from 2.60 to 1.75 eV (depending on synthesis conditions). The multichromic copolymers revealed short switching times and useful optical contrast of 0.6 s and 54%, respectively.…”

Electrochemically Produced Copolymers of Pyrrole and Its Derivatives: A Plentitude of Material Properties Using “Simple” Heterocyclic Co-Monomers

“…The combination of bithiazole units with N-substituted PPy in one monomer and electrochemical copolymerisation with EDOT lead to the electrochromic material with yellow to grey transition during oxidation. The copolymers revealed very low switching time 0.6 s, high optical contrast up to 54% and good stability under atmospheric conditions [ 110 ].…”