Utilization of NPN-Supplements, other than Urea, by Ruminants

Smith, Roger

doi:10.1080/17450398609425258

Archiv für Tierernaehrung

1986

DOI: 10.1080/17450398609425258

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Utilization of NPN-Supplements, other than Urea, by Ruminants

Roger Smith

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…The most common source of supplemental protein to provide NH 3 used to satisfy rumen requirements is urea. However, it is possible that levels of NH 3 toxic to the animal are reached when urea is not evenly distributed in the diet or when animals have an excessive intake of urea (Smith 1986). Additionally, the rate of availability of NH 3 from urea may not fully match the rate of N utilization of bacteria fermenting fiber because urea has a high solubility and fiber has a slow rate of ruminal digestion.…”

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Performance of growing and finishing cattle supplemented with a slow-rlease urea product and urea

Tedeschi¹,

Baker²,

Ketchen³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2002. Performance of growing and finishing cattle supplemented with a slow-release urea product and urea. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 567-573. Two growth trials were conducted to study the performance of Angus Crossbred steers supplemented with a slow-release urea product (Optigen® 1200, O) and urea (U). The base diets were composed of corn silage alone during the growth period and corn silage plus cracked corn during the finishing period. Trial 1 consisted of 40 animals [272 ± 4 kg body weight (BW)] individually fed the base diets and six treatments, which were based on corn silage alone and cracked corn supplemented with U or O to supply 50 (U 50 , O 50 ) or 100% (U 100 , O 100 ) of the ruminal N deficiency (U 50 , O 50 , U 100 , and O 100 ) as predicted by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS), or with U and O each supplying half of the CNCPS predicted N deficiency (U 25 O 25 ). In trial 2, 120 pen-fed animals (241 ± 7 kg BW) received the base diets and four combinations of U and O (U 100 O 0 , U 66 O 34 , U 34 O 66 , and U 0 O 100 ), which were designed to supply 100% of the ruminal N deficiency predicted by the CNCPS. In trial 1, no differences (P > 0.05) in performance were observed between the U 100 and O 100 treatments, but animals in the U 50 treatment had a greater average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05) and feed conversion (P < 0.05) than animals on O 50 treatment. In trial 2, combinations of U and O did not affect animal performance (P > 0.05). No differences were observed in carcass characteristics and predicted carcass and empty body fat for both trials (P > 0.05). We concluded there was no improvement in animal performance when urea was substituted by a slow-release urea/NH 3 product at levels normally found in feedlot cattle diets. , préparés de manière à compenser la totalité de la carence en N prévue par BC. Lors du premier essai, les traitements U 100 et O 100 n'ont donné lieu à aucune variation (P > 0,05) du rendement, mais les animaux qui recevaient le traitement U 50 affichaient un meilleur gain quotidien moyen (GQM) (P < 0,05) et une plus grande valorisation des aliments (P < 0,05) que ceux recevant le traitement O 50 . Lors du deuxième essai, le mélange d'urée et de O n'a pas modifié le rendement des animaux (P > 0,05). Les auteurs n'ont relevé aucun écart au niveau des paramètres de la carcasse et de la quantité de gras prévue dans la carcasse avant et après éviscération (P > 0.05) aux deux essais. Ils en concluent que remplacer l'urée par un mélange d'urée et de NH 3 à libération lente ne donne pas lieu à une amélioration du rendement à la concentration habituelle des rations servies aux bovins d'élevage.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of growing and finishing cattle supplemented with a slow-rlease urea product and urea

Tedeschi¹,

Baker²,

Ketchen³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Effects of partial or full replacement of soybean meal with urea or coated urea on intake, performance, and plasma urea concentrations in lactating dairy cows

Rauch,

Nichols,

de Carvalho

et al. 2024

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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We expected mitigation of the hypophagic effects of urea (U) with a coated urea (CU) product that aimed to partially shift urea supply to the post‐ruminal gastrointestinal tract. Ruminal release and post‐ruminal digestibility of CU was evaluated in vitro, followed by a randomised complete block experiment (54 Holstein‐Friesian cows; 177 ± 72 days in milk). Soybean meal (SBM) was partially (PR) or fully (FR) replaced on an isonitrogenous basis by beet pulp and U or CU. Urea sources were included at 12 (U‐PR, CU‐PR) and 19 (U‐FR, CU‐FR) g/kg dietary dry matter (DM). Hypophagic effects were similar for U‐PR and CU‐PR (−11% vs. −7%), and for U‐FR and CU‐FR (−13% vs. −12%) compared with SBM (average 25.8 kg DM intake/d). Compared with SBM, U‐PR and CU‐PR reduced yields of milk (−8%) and protein (−12%), U‐PR reduced yield of fat (−9%) and fat‐ and protein‐corrected‐milk (FPCM; −9%), and CU‐PR tended to reduce FPCM yield (−5%). Compared with SBM, U‐FR and CU‐FR respectively reduced yields of milk (−21%, −22%), protein (−25%, −26%), fat (both −14%), lactose (−20%, −21%), and FPCM (−17%, −19%), and lowered N (−15%, −12%) and feed (−8%, trend, −9%) efficiency. Human‐edible protein efficiency approximately doubled with U‐PR and CU‐PR and approximately tripled with U‐FR and CU‐FR compared with SBM. Milk composition and plasma urea concentration were similar between U and CU, except for a trend for a greater plasma urea concentration with U‐PR compared with CU‐PR. Dry matter intake patterns differed for CU‐PR compared with U‐PR and for CU‐FR compared with U‐FR, suggesting effects of urea release rate or location on feeding behaviour. Overall, replacing SBM with U or CU reduced DM intake and milk production and affected nutrient efficiencies. Coated urea influenced DM intake pattern but did not affect total DM intake or milk production compared with U.

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Dose response to postruminal urea in lactating dairy cattle

Nichols,

Rauch,

Lippens

et al. 2023

Journal of Dairy Science

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Utilization of NPN-Supplements, other than Urea, by Ruminants

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Performance of growing and finishing cattle supplemented with a slow-rlease urea product and urea

Performance of growing and finishing cattle supplemented with a slow-rlease urea product and urea

Effects of partial or full replacement of soybean meal with urea or coated urea on intake, performance, and plasma urea concentrations in lactating dairy cows

Dose response to postruminal urea in lactating dairy cattle

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