Utilization of Petroleum Coke Soot as Energy Storage Material

Abstract

Anode active materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) were produced by using waste soot generated after combustion in a plant using petroleum coke as fuel. The soot collected from the boilers in the plant was graphitized through annealing, and this annealed soot was applied to anode active materials. After annealing at 2700 °C, the soot was converted into highly crystalline graphite with ring shapes approximately 100 nm in diameter. The lithium ion coin cells produced using graphitized soot showed high discharge capacity and excellent life cycle with a reversible capacity of 250 mAh/g even after 300 cycles at a rate of 1 C. This study describes a new possibility of using environmentally harmful combustion wastes of petroleum coke as a low-price anode material for LIBs by converting them into a graphite multilayer structure with a unique ring shape through annealing.

Application of soot discharged from the combustion of marine gas oil as an anode material for lithium ion batteries

“…To address this gap, this study characterizes the soot generated from naval ship diesel engines that only use MGO and examines its applicability as the active material for LIB anodes. Furthermore, previous studies required graphitization at 2000 C or higher temperatures to manifest excellent performance as an electrode material for LIBs, 6 but this study found that a much lower temperature of 1000 C was adequate. The results thus demonstrate the future potential of LIBs based on heat-treated soot collected from propulsion diesel engines for the guided missile frigate (FFG), the main battleship of the South Korean Navy (Fig.…”

Calcined Kiln Analysis and Proximate Simulation of High-Quality Coke Products Using Aspen Plus

“…Higher SO2 emissions can be avoided by mixing low sulfur coke into the coke aggregate or removing sulfur by increasing the calcination temperature of the coke and increasing the residence time in the coke. However, this will result in higher coke unsuitable for anode preparation due to the decrease in bulk density caused by increased sulfur content [6].…”

“…Calcined Petroleum Coke (CPC) is required as a quality standard for graphite electrode and anode paste products [1], needle-grade [2], TiO₂ pigments [3]. The current use of CPC is for the aluminum (70%) [4], titanium dioxide (10%) industry as well as the foundry [5], steel and electrode industries [6]. CPC is also required in in the food grade phosphate [7] and the calcium carbide industry [8].…”

“…Rotary kiln technology has become a fairly good technology in making CPC. Judging from the calcination temperature carried out in a rotary kiln, usually around 1400°C [10], it is possible to increase the quality of coke by eliminating volatility by reducing the hydrogen content, so that the coke will have high temperature strength and heat resistance and to increase the conductivity of the graphite electrode [6].…”

Numerical Study of Heat Transfer in Gravity-Driven Particle Flow around Tubes with Different Shapes

“…In the recent years, the world's energy and environmental problems have become more and more prominent, which makes it urgent to improve energy efficiency and develop sustainable energy techniques. Moving bed heat exchanger (MBHE), with the advantages of low cost, clean energy and wide particle size adaptation, is gradually applied in many high temperature waste heat recovery industries [1], such as slag [2], cement [3], coke [4] and concentrated solar power (CSP) [5]. For the MBHE, the granular flow inside is driven by the gravity, and the heat transfer is relatively lower [6] as compared with packed bed [7] or fluidized bed [8].…”