Utilization of red mud for producing a high strength binder by composition optimization and nano strengthening

Ahmed, Sara; Meng, Tao; Taha, Mazahir M. M.

doi:10.1515/ntrev-2020-0029

Cited by 37 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The setting time increased due to the silica-silica reaction, which occurs as a result of the increased silica content and is a slower process than the silica-aluminum reaction. [86] Additionally, the increased alkalinity of RM caused a decrease in compressive strength, inadequate workability, and rapid setting. [69b] It was discovered that adding RM significantly decreased the flowability of the RM-fly ash geopolymer mixes by more than 20 %.…”

Section: R E V I E W T H E C H E M I C a L R E C O R Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio reaches 4.0, the initial and final setting times tend to increase, resulting in a slight decrease in setting times. The setting time increased due to the silica‐silica reaction, which occurs as a result of the increased silica content and is a slower process than the silica‐aluminum reaction [86] . Additionally, the increased alkalinity of RM caused a decrease in compressive strength, inadequate workability, and rapid setting [69b] .…”

Section: Rm In Construction and Building Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and Applications of Red Mud, an Aluminum Industry Waste Material, in the Construction and Building Industries, as well as Catalysis

Al-Fakih

Nor

Basha

et al. 2023

The Chemical Record

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The disposal of red mud (RM), a waste material generated by the aluminum industry, remains a global environmental concern because of its high alkalinity and smaller particle size, which have the potential to pollute air, soil, and water. Recently, efforts have been made to develop a strategy for reusing industrial byproducts, such as RM, and turning waste into value‐added products. The use of RM as (i) a supplementary cementitious material for construction and building materials, such as cement, concrete, bricks, ceramics, and geopolymers, and (ii) a catalyst is discussed in this review. Furthermore, the physical, chemical, mineralogical, structural, and thermal properties of RM, as well as its environmental impact, are also discussed in this review. It is possible to conclude that using RM in catalysis, cement, and construction industries is the most efficient way to recycle this byproduct on a large scale. However, the low cementitious properties of RM can be attributed to a reduction in the fresh and mechanical properties of composites incorporating RM. On the other hand, RM can be used as an efficient active catalyst to synthesize organic molecules and reduce air pollution, which not only makes use of solid waste but also lowers the price of the catalyst. The review provides basic information on the characterization of RM and its suitability in various applications, paving the way for more advanced research on the sustainable disposal of RM waste. Future research perspectives on the utilization of RM are also addressed.

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Section: R E V I E W T H E C H E M I C a L R E C O R Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rm In Construction and Building Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Applications of Red Mud, an Aluminum Industry Waste Material, in the Construction and Building Industries, as well as Catalysis

Al-Fakih

Nor

Basha

et al. 2023

The Chemical Record

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“…While the SS6 mix with a ratio of 35:45:20 had maximum compressive strengths of 17.12 N/mm 2 at 7 days, 28.91 N/mm 2 at 28 days, 29.42 N/mm 2 at 56 days, and 20.13 N/mm 2 at 7 days, 31.06 N/mm 2 at 28 days, and 31.82 N/mm 2 at 56 days under both ambient and oven curing conditions. This means that when the RM ratio increased from 35 to 55, the compressive strength dropped owing to a reduction in the geopolymerization processes [34]. The higher silicate solution hampered geopolymerization, resulting in a loss in compressive strength.…”

Section: Compressive Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability Study on the Red mud-based Ternary Blended Geopolymer Concrete

Chakrapani

Ramesh

Potharaju

2022

Technium EcoGeoMarine

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Concrete made with geopolymer technology is thought to be both pro-ecological and minimal cost-effective. Geopolymer concrete manufacture aids in the conversion of industrial by-product materials into reusable products. Geopolymer concrete outperforms OPC concrete in terms of strength. The ternary blended high-molarities (12M) geopolymer concrete used in this experiment was made of red mud (RM), fly ash (FA), and Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). The current study intended to establish the best ratio of RM - FA - GGBFS -based ternary geopolymer concrete. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength tests were performed to determine the strength properties and water absorption, permeability, and sorptivity tests determined the durability characteristics. The results showes that the proportions of RM-based ternary GPC with RM: FA:GGBFS in 45:35:20 ratio resulted in a significant increase in the synthesis. This resulting in improved mechanical and microstructural properties than the other proportions. Higher results were also seen at the aforementioned ratio in the chemical analysis performed on the ternary-based geopolymer paste to determine the maximum pH value. The study's findings are encouraging sustainable and cost-effective routes for dealing with the industrial by-products that are presently produced in multiple regions.

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“…The chemical compositions of RM included many oxides, such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , and CaO, with different distribution percentages, mainly depending on the bauxite ore type and the different alumina production processes . Therefore, RM is strongly considered to be used to produce geopolymer , due to the fact that the remaining caustic in the RM did not require neutralizing by acid, which was an advantage of this process. However, the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 molar ratio of RM is often much smaller than the range satisfied in the geopolymer formulation. − Rice husk (RH) is an agricultural waste that can overcome this problem due to its high content of silica oxide (SiO 2 ) as a potential filler to improve the properties of RM-based geopolymers, such as mechanical properties and contaminant adsorption capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Red Mud and Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Composites on the Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye in Aqueous Solution for Wastewater Treatment

Nguyen,

Thu,

Tran

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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In this study, geopolymer originating from locally industrial byproducts as red mud (RM) was successfully prepared in the presence of different loadings of rice husk ash (RHA) used for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) in wastewater. During geopolymerization, various mixing amounts between RM and RHA were conducted when the weight ratio of binder solution/ activated alkali-metal solution (Na 2 SiO 3 / NaOH 7 M) was 2.5 and the curing temperature was set at 60 °C for 24 h. As a result, the surface area value of the prepared geopolymer composited with RHA at 0 and 60% was increased from 19.2 to 29.5 m 2 /g, while the BJH pore size of the prepared geopolymer was reduced to 6.68 and 5.76 nm, respectively. In the dye removal test, higher additions of RHA in the RM-geopolymer maintained better retention of the MB ion due to the increase in the adsorption binding site. The maximum uptake amount of dyes performed at pH 8 was changed from 6.59 to 10.74 mg/g, while RHA was from 0 to 60% after 180 min of immersion in MB solution. The adsorption isotherms well obeyed the Langmuir model, as the relative coefficient R 2 was 0.999. Based on these, the initial agricultural waste as RHA and industrial byproducts as RM were valued as functional materials used for dye treatment in wastewater.

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Utilization of red mud for producing a high strength binder by composition optimization and nano strengthening

Cited by 37 publications

References 64 publications

Characterization and Applications of Red Mud, an Aluminum Industry Waste Material, in the Construction and Building Industries, as well as Catalysis

Characterization and Applications of Red Mud, an Aluminum Industry Waste Material, in the Construction and Building Industries, as well as Catalysis

Durability Study on the Red mud-based Ternary Blended Geopolymer Concrete

Effect of Red Mud and Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Composites on the Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye in Aqueous Solution for Wastewater Treatment

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