Utilization of Wind Turbines for Upregulation of Power Grids

In several countries, the wind power penetration increased tremendously in recent years. As the current wind turbines do not participate in inertial response nor primary control, this may compromise the proper functioning of the power system. This paper discusses the emulated inertial response with wind turbines. In literature, several strategies to provide inertial response with wind turbines are available. However, if they are operated in their maximum power point, emulated inertial response results in energy yield losses. These are caused by the suboptimal operation of the wind turbines during the inertial response. This paper focuses on the calculation of the energy yield losses for different cases. In this way, it is possible to estimate their importance and the loss of revenue for the operator of the wind turbine. It is shown that the energy yield losses are very low for both strategies, for all simulated cases. This is an important result, as it shows that the different inertial response strategies only have a minor effect on the total energy yield of the turbine.

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“…Another option to emulate an inertial response with wind turbines is the use of a temporary power surge [5]- [7], see Fig. 4.…”

Section: Temporary Power Surgementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy yield losses due to emulated inertial response with wind turbines

Vyver

Vandoorn

Kooning

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference &Amp; Exposition

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“…However, in this study the dynamics of the VSWT are not taken specifically into account due to the system level approach with focus on the geographically distributed WPPs. Furthermore in [18], the convex optimization method is applied to maximize the duration of the pre-defined additional power. In [18], similar to [17] the VSWT dynamics are not represented in detail and the predefined power reference value is a fixed value which is independent of the frequency deviations obtained from a power system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore in [18], the convex optimization method is applied to maximize the duration of the pre-defined additional power. In [18], similar to [17] the VSWT dynamics are not represented in detail and the predefined power reference value is a fixed value which is independent of the frequency deviations obtained from a power system. Finally, in [19] the shape of the additional power during a frequency deviation is optimized using the particle swarm optimization method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Short-Term Overproduction Response of Variable Speed Wind Turbines

Altin

Hansen

Barlas

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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“…Inertial control can be divided into two groups: frequency based inertial control (FBIC) [4][5][6][7][8][9] and stepwise inertial control (SIC) [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Based on the measured frequency, FBIC employs one or two auxiliary loops: a rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) loop [4], a frequency deviation loop [5], ROCOF and frequency deviation loops [6], and maximum ROCOF and frequency deviation loops [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the output is instantly increased at the initial stage of an event without using the measured frequency, SIC improves the FN more than FBIC. However, SIC schemes should decrease the output to prevent over-deceleration (OD) [10][11][12][13]. Such a decrease may act as a power deficit in a power system, thereby causing a second frequency dip (SFD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Reference Function for Stable Stepwise Inertial Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

Yang¹,

Lee²,

Hur³

et al. 2016

Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

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-Upon detecting a frequency event in a power system, the stepwise inertial control (SIC) of a wind turbine generator (WTG) instantly increases the power output for a preset period so as to arrest the frequency drop. Afterwards, SIC rapidly reduces the WTG output to avert over-deceleration (OD). However, such a rapid output reduction may act as a power deficit in the power system, and thereby cause a second frequency dip. In this paper, a hybrid reference function for the stable SIC of a doublyfed induction generator is proposed to prevent OD while improving the frequency nadir (FN). To achieve this objective, a reference function is separately defined prior to and after the FN. In order to improve the FN when an event is detected, the reference is instantly increased by a constant and then maintained until the FN. This constant is determined by considering the power margin and available kinetic energy. To prevent OD, the reference decays with the rotor speed after the FN. The performance of the proposed scheme was validated under various wind speed conditions and wind power penetration levels using an EMTP-RV simulator. The results clearly demonstrate that the scheme successfully prevents OD while improving the FN at different wind conditions and wind power penetration levels. Furthermore, the scheme is adaptive to the size of a frequency event.

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Utilization of Wind Turbines for Upregulation of Power Grids

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Energy yield losses due to emulated inertial response with wind turbines

Energy yield losses due to emulated inertial response with wind turbines

Optimization of Short-Term Overproduction Response of Variable Speed Wind Turbines

Hybrid Reference Function for Stable Stepwise Inertial Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

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