Utilization potentials of a nano bio-carbonate filler to mitigate alkali-aggregate reactivity of glass powder–foamed concrete

Abstract

The present work aims to create an insight into the emergence of bio-based nanomaterials as a sustainable additive in cement-based structures. This paper addresses the alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) in foamed concrete (FC) containing nano cuttlebone powder (nCBP) as a bio-filler and glass powder as a cement replacement. Experimental results show that the expansion of foamed concrete depends on the foam volume, and the expansion values increase with increasing glass content. Relationship studies between the mechanical strength and the expansion values were done to indicate the impact of expansion on strength decrement. At normal conditions, nano bio-carbonate fillers functioned as inert fillers and mitigated the concrete expansion in the presence of alkali. Furthermore, EDS analysis done on the foamed concrete mixes showed the effect of the decreasing CaO/SiO2 and Na2O/SiO2 ratios on increasing the mechanical strength, which indicated that nano bio-carbonate fillers can effectively reduce ASR in glass powder foamed concrete.

A Review on Durability of Foam Concrete

“…In lower density foam concrete, the alkali-silica reaction is not a problem, while in higher density foam concrete, a substantial alkali-silica reaction may cause foam concrete to expand and crack [117]. It has been reported that the alkali-silica reaction expansion rate of foam concrete is much lower than that of normal concrete with the same mix proportion, due to the presence of the large number of pores in foam concrete [118]. Furthermore, the application of low-lime class f fly ash can significantly reduce the expansion caused by the alkali-silica reaction in foam concrete due to the consumption of a large amount of alkali by the pozzolanic reaction [93].…”

“…Kumar and Chinnaraju tested the expansion rate of a variety of foam concretes in sodium hydroxide solution for 28 days and 365 days, and the results showed that the alkali-silica reaction expansion rate of foam concrete in which cement is partially replaced with glass powder increased with increased glass powder content, while the addition of nano bio-carbonate reduced the alkali-silica reaction expansion rate [118]. Massekh studied the alkali-silica reaction characteristics of foam concrete in which the sand is partially replaced with waste glass immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution and showed that the expansion rate caused by the alkali-silica reaction increased with the increased replacement amount of waste glass and was greater than the expansion rate of the foam concrete without waste glass.…”

“…Additionally, the chemical composition and particle size of the waste glass greatly affected the alkali-silica reaction expansion of foam concrete. Some studies also showed that the introduction of polypropylene fibers could reduce the expansion of the alkali-silica reaction [118,119]. Gencel et al partially replaced the expanded perlite with fine glass sand in foam concrete, reducing the expansion of the alkali-silica reaction, which was caused by the dispersion of the alkali enhanced by fine glass sand [28].…”

Optimization Studies of Iron Ore Tailings Powder and Natural Zeolite as Concrete Admixtures

“…This characteristic has been seen to effectively restrict the occurrence of curing shrinkage in concrete, hence enhancing its performance [37]. The process of filling the holes and voids in concrete with tiny particles effectively impedes the development of harmful micro cracks [38].…”