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The present work aims to create an insight into the emergence of bio-based nanomaterials as a sustainable additive in cement-based structures. This paper addresses the alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) in foamed concrete (FC) containing nano cuttlebone powder (nCBP) as a bio-filler and glass powder as a cement replacement. Experimental results show that the expansion of foamed concrete depends on the foam volume, and the expansion values increase with increasing glass content. Relationship studies between the mechanical strength and the expansion values were done to indicate the impact of expansion on strength decrement. At normal conditions, nano bio-carbonate fillers functioned as inert fillers and mitigated the concrete expansion in the presence of alkali. Furthermore, EDS analysis done on the foamed concrete mixes showed the effect of the decreasing CaO/SiO2 and Na2O/SiO2 ratios on increasing the mechanical strength, which indicated that nano bio-carbonate fillers can effectively reduce ASR in glass powder foamed concrete.