Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System

Goss, David A.; Hoffman, Richard L.; Clark, Brian C.

doi:10.3791/3387

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The starting point was the vertex (determined as the point of intersection of half of the nasion-inion line and half of the porion-porion line) and subsequently, the position of the coil was systematically varied in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions in 0.5 cm steps. In the present study, the mean hotspot was found lateral to the vertex (lateral (left): 1.15 ± 0.64 cm, anterior-posterior: 0.02 ± 0.44 cm), which is consistent with previous reports (Strutton et al, 2005;Goss et al, 2012).…”

Section: Electromyography (Emg) and Tmssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Similar to previous work measuring corticomotor excitability in back muscles (Tsao et al, 2008;Goss et al, 2011;Goss et al, 2012), we determined the intensity that evoked an MEP with a clear silent period after stimulation and a clear peak that was discernible from the background EMG activity in 5 out of 10 trials (Tsao et al, 2008).…”

Section: Electromyography (Emg) and Tmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we investigated if the activity of an axial muscle involved in postural control evoked changes in corticomotor excitability and whether this mirror activity would be modulated depending on whether or not painful movements were observed. We stimulated the erector spinae muscle, which is more challenging than muscles of the upper extremity because the representation within M1 is much smaller and located deeper in the motor cortex (Strutton et al, 2005;Goss et al, 2011;Goss et al, 2012 We hypothesized 1) that corticomotor excitability would be lower for the LEG than the BACK condition, an indication that trunk muscle activity is mirrored by the observer and 2) that the corticomotor excitability would be lower when observing BACKPAIN than when observing BACK due to pain related inhibition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observing back pain provoking lifting actions modulates corticomotor excitability of the observer's primary motor cortex

2017

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Observing another person experiencing exogenously inflicted pain (e.g. by a sharp object penetrating a finger) modulates the excitability of the observer' primary motor cortex (M1). By contrast, far less is known about the response to endogenously evoked pain such as sudden back pain provoked by lifting a heavy object. Here, participants (n=26) observed the lifting of a heavy object. During this action the actor (1) flexed and extended the legs (LEG), (2) flexed and extended the back (BACK) or (3) flexed and extended the back which caused visible pain (BACKPAIN). Corticomotor excitability was measured by applying a single transcranial magnetic stimulation pulse to the M1 representation of the muscle erector spinae and participants scored their perception of the actor's pain on the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). The participants scored vicarious pain as highest during the BACKPAIN condition and lowest during the LEG condition. MEP size was significantly lower for the LEG than the BACK and BACKPAIN condition. Although we found no statistical difference in the motor-evoked potential (MEP) size between the conditions BACK and BACKPAIN, there was a significant correlation between the difference in NPRS scores between the conditions BACKPAIN and BACK and the difference in MEP size between these conditions. Participants who believed the vicarious pain to be much stronger in the BACKPAIN than in the BACK condition also exhibited higher MEPs for the BACKPAIN than the BACK condition. Our results indicate that observing how others lift heavy objects facilitates motor representations of back muscles in the observer. Modulation occurs in a movement-specific manner and is additionally modulated by the extent to which the participants perceived the actor's pain. Our findings suggest that movement observation might be a promising paradigm to study the brain's response to back pain.

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Section: Electromyography (Emg) and Tmssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Electromyography (Emg) and Tmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observing back pain provoking lifting actions modulates corticomotor excitability of the observer's primary motor cortex

2017

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“…Despite the evaluation of maximal voluntary activation, this method does not provide information about cortico-spinal excitability. Transcranial magnetic stimulation could be used to assess changes at this level [65][66][67] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Rozand¹,

Grosprêtre²,

Stapley³

et al. 2015

JoVE

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Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a non-invasive method commonly used to evaluate neuromuscular function from brain to muscle (supra-spinal, spinal and peripheral levels). The present protocol describes how this method can be used to stimulate the posterior tibial nerve that activates plantar flexor muscles. Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation consists of inducing an electrical stimulus to a motor nerve to evoke a muscular response. Direct (M-wave) and/or indirect (H-reflex) electrophysiological responses can be recorded at rest using surface electromyography. Mechanical (twitch torque) responses can be quantified with a force/torque ergometer. M-wave and twitch torque reflect neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling, whereas H-reflex provides an index of spinal excitability. EMG activity and mechanical (superimposed twitch) responses can also be recorded during maximal voluntary contractions to evaluate voluntary activation level. Percutaneous nerve stimulation provides an assessment of neuromuscular function in humans, and is highly beneficial especially for studies evaluating neuromuscular plasticity following acute (fatigue) or chronic (training/detraining) exercise. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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“…Perform so-called "hot-spot" techniques to locate TMS-sensitive regions of cortex that produce the greatest amplitude MEPs with the lowest threshold upon stimulation 8,13,14 . Transcranial magnetic stimulation for studying motor systems typically involves stimulating a cortical area that controls movement in a specific body part (e.g.…”

Section: Mep Hot-spot Localization and Mep Threshold Pproceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Setup for Studying Human Motor Control Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Electromyography, Motion Capture, and Virtual Reality

Talkington

Pollard

Olesh

et al. 2015

JoVE

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The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular function include transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyography, and three-dimensional motion capture. The advent of readily available and cost-effective virtual reality solutions has expanded the capabilities of researchers in recreating "real-world" environments and movements in a laboratory setting. Naturalistic movement analysis will not only garner a greater understanding of motor control in healthy individuals, but also permit the design of experiments and rehabilitation strategies that target specific motor impairments (e.g. stroke). The combined use of these tools will lead to increasingly deeper understanding of neural mechanisms of motor control. A key requirement when combining these data acquisition systems is fine temporal correspondence between the various data streams. This protocol describes a multifunctional system's overall connectivity, intersystem signaling, and the temporal synchronization of recorded data. Synchronization of the component systems is primarily accomplished through the use of a customizable circuit, readily made with off the shelf components and minimal electronics assembly skills. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Observing back pain provoking lifting actions modulates corticomotor excitability of the observer's primary motor cortex

Observing back pain provoking lifting actions modulates corticomotor excitability of the observer's primary motor cortex

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Multifunctional Setup for Studying Human Motor Control Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Electromyography, Motion Capture, and Virtual Reality

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