UV Disinfection of Adenovirus: Present State of the Research and Future Directions

Eischeid, Anne C.; Thurston, Jeanette A.; Linden, Karl G.

doi:10.1080/10643381003608268

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Hence, fewer oxidative lesions would be needed to cause inactivation than UVC-induced ones. Alternatively, the discrepancy in the extent of genome damage may point toward the contribution of protein damage to inactivation: as proposed previously by others, monochromatic UVC (254-nm, lowpressure) inactivation is caused almost exclusively by genome damage, whereas polychromatic UV (medium-pressure) inactivation additionally involved protein degradation and hence required a lesser extent of genome damage to achieve the same extent of inactivation (21,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). In the treatment systems investigated here, this would thus indicate that the contribution of protein damage to inactivation was small for UVC light, greater for full-spectrum solar disinfection, and most prevalent for indirect solar disinfection.…”

Section: Mechanisms Contributing To Solar Disinfection Of Adenovirusmentioning

confidence: 92%

Mechanisms of Human Adenovirus Inactivation by Sunlight and UVC Light as Examined by Quantitative PCR and Quantitative Proteomics

Bosshard

Armand

Hamelin

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are important pathogens in both industrialized and developing nations. HAdV has been shown to be relatively resistant to monochromatic UVC light. Polychromatic UVC light, in contrast, is a more effective means of disinfection, presumably due to the involvement of viral proteins in the inactivation mechanism. Solar disinfection of HAdV, finally, is only poorly understood. In this paper, the kinetics and mechanism of HAdV inactivation by UVC light and direct and indirect solar disinfection are elucidated. PCR and mass spectrometry were employed to quantify the extent of genome and protein degradation and to localize the affected regions in the HAdV proteins. For this purpose, we used for the first time an approach involving stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) of a human virus. Inactivation by UVC light and the full sunlight spectrum were found to efficiently inactivate HAdV, whereas UVA-visible light only caused inactivation in the presence of external sensitizers (indirect solar disinfection). Genome damage was significant for UVC but was less important for solar disinfection. In contrast, indirect solar disinfection exhibited extensive protein degradation. In particular, the fiber protein and the amino acids responsible for host binding within the fiber protein were shown to degrade. In addition, the central domain of the penton protein was damaged, which may inhibit interactions with the fiber protein and lead to a disruption of the initial stages of infection. Damage to the hexon protein, however, appeared to affect only regions not directly involved in the infectious cycle.

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Section: Mechanisms Contributing To Solar Disinfection Of Adenovirusmentioning

confidence: 92%

Mechanisms of Human Adenovirus Inactivation by Sunlight and UVC Light as Examined by Quantitative PCR and Quantitative Proteomics

Bosshard

Armand

Hamelin

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…AdV is almost always present in sewage (Bradbury et al, 2013), and is the most frequently detected viral pathogen in surface-water and groundwater (Pina et al, 1998;Mena and Gerba, 2009;Bradbury et al, 2013). AdV is more resistant to ultraviolet light and is more stable in environmental waters than most viral pathogens (Eischeid et al, 2011). It can remain infectious for at least one year and its DNA can be detectable in groundwater for as long as 22 months (Charles et al, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Mimicking filtration and transport of rotavirus and adenovirus in sand media using DNA-labeled, protein-coated silica nanoparticles

et al. 2014

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“…A significant amount of data has been published on UV inactivation of adenovirus and other viruses using monochromatic low-pressure (LP) UV followed by assays of infectivity using cell culture; these studies have shown adenovirus to be highly resistant to LP UV disinfection (2). Low-pressure UV is understood to inactivate pathogens by damaging their genomes (4,5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Indications of Protein Damage in Adenoviruses after UV Disinfection

Eischeid

Linden

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Adenoviruses are resistant to monochromatic, low-pressure (LP) UV disinfection-but have been shown to be susceptible to inactivation by polychromatic, medium-pressure (MP) UV-when assayed using cell culture infectivity. One possible explanation for the difference between UV lamp types is that the additional UV wavelengths emitted by MP UV enable it to cause greater damage to viral proteins than LP UV. The objective of this study was to examine protein damage in adenoviruses treated with LP and MP UV. Results show that MP UV is more effective at damaging viral proteins at high UV doses, though LP UV caused some damage as well. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate protein damage in UV-treated adenovirus, and the overview presented here is expected to provide a basis for further, more detailed work.A significant amount of data has been published on UV inactivation of adenovirus and other viruses using monochromatic low-pressure (LP) UV followed by assays of infectivity using cell culture; these studies have shown adenovirus to be highly resistant to LP UV disinfection (2). Low-pressure UV is understood to inactivate pathogens by damaging their genomes (4, 5). In adenovirus, genomic DNA damage may be repaired in host cells, resulting in its apparent UV resistance. When irradiated with mediumpressure (MP) UV, adenoviruses have been shown to be both more sensitive to inactivation than they are upon irradiation with LP UV and as susceptible to UV inactivation as other viruses, even in standard cell culture infectivity assays (1, 6). Medium-pressure UV is polychromatic-it emits a range of wavelengths in the germicidal portion of the UV emission spectrum (200 to 300 nm) which are absorbed by both DNA and proteins, and so MP UV has the potential to damage adenoviral proteins in addition to the genome. Viral proteins are an integral part of every step in the process of infection and enable adenoviruses to successfully infect host cells even if their DNA is damaged (12). Specific adenoviral proteins and UV damage to proteins have been discussed elsewhere (4,5,11,14). Here we describe a study investigating protein damage in LP and MP UV-treated adenovirus using SDS-PAGE. We hypothesize that MP UV is more effective at causing protein damage than LP UV. This work represents an important first step in this field and will help provide a foundation for further, more detailed work.Preparation of virus, UV irradiation, and dose calculation were carried out as previously described (1). Three independent UV irradiation experiments were conducted for each UV dose; protein precipitation and SDS-PAGE were done twice for each independent experiment. For protein precipitation, 1 ml of irradiated virus was spiked with aprotinin as an internal standard, pretreated with 0.05% sodium deoxycholate, precipitated with 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) (9), and resuspended directly in Laemmli sample buffer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Standard SDS-PAGE was carried out using 4 to 20% gradient Tris-HCl ReadyGel minigels that were fixed...

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UV Disinfection of Adenovirus: Present State of the Research and Future Directions

Cited by 38 publications

References 72 publications

Mechanisms of Human Adenovirus Inactivation by Sunlight and UVC Light as Examined by Quantitative PCR and Quantitative Proteomics

Mechanisms of Human Adenovirus Inactivation by Sunlight and UVC Light as Examined by Quantitative PCR and Quantitative Proteomics

Mimicking filtration and transport of rotavirus and adenovirus in sand media using DNA-labeled, protein-coated silica nanoparticles

Molecular Indications of Protein Damage in Adenoviruses after UV Disinfection

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