V-Factor Indicator in the Assessment of the Change in the Attractiveness of View as a Result of the Implementation of a Specific Planning Scenario

Abstract

This paper describes the algorithm of the view factor (V-factor). It is based on an analysis of visibility, taking into account the attractiveness of the observed elements in a three-dimensional space. The results of the V-factor analysis provide input for the decision-making process when selecting the most advantageous planning scenario so that the harmony of landscape and ecological balance can be maintained. The V-factor indicator can be successfully used in the process of spatial planning, in particular, at the stage of determining the parameters of new buildings and lines of sight between planned buildings. The purpose of the indicator is to determine the numerical values for observation points, thus facilitating a comparative assessment of the attractiveness of view available from the special points in space. The analysis uses a 3D space model that includes an integrated existing and planning state designed on the basis of planning scenarios. The V-factor analysis takes into account the distance of the observation point from the observed object, vertical and horizontal angles of observation, and the aesthetic value of the observed object. As a result, an average value of the V-factor indicator was obtained for each planning scenario, which facilitated the determination of the more beneficial one in terms of the attractiveness of view.

Spatial Analysis for the Landscape Visual Aesthetic Quality of Urban Residential Districts Based on 3D City Modeling

“…The building visual aesthetic quality is determined by the principles of formal beauty and the needs and preferences of users, which is difficult to quantify [8]. In comparison, landscape visual aesthetic quality is determined by the visibility of the surrounding landscape and its aesthetic degree, comprising visibility elements such as the horizontal visual field, the vertical visual field, the degree of occlusion and the distance between the landscape area and the observation subject, as well as the scale, coordination, richness, culture and vegetation coverage of the observed subject (landscape area and green space) [9]. Compared with the building visual aesthetic quality, the landscape visual aesthetic quality is a combination of subjective and objective concepts, which can be evaluated through quantitative analysis [10].…”