V-parameter Study of Silica-Air 1D Photonic Crystal Fiber by Modulating Geometrical Parameters at Different Optical Communication Ranges

Abstract

Abstract---

A Slotted Patch Antenna Design and Analysis for Detecting Breast Cancer

“…At 6.85 GHz frequency, the achieved peak gain and directivity are 4.17 dB and 4.32 dB at phi = 0 and 90 degrees, respectively, which are suitable for microwave imaging applications. Although, the proposed antenna shows a little bit lower gain than the other studies, 13,15,21,24,25 but it has a wider bandwidth, which increases the data transfer rates. The developed antenna can detect malignancies as small as 2 mm in radius, which is considerably better than the previous findings.…”

“…Comparative analysis.-Table IV demonstrates a reasonable amount of gain that can be attained with large antenna size and a narrower impedance bandwidth. 13,15,21,24,25 The suggested antenna is compact in size and has a 10.07 GHz bandwidth (percentage bandwidth of 123.78%) at a return loss of -10 dB line, covering a frequency band of 3.10 GHz to 13.17 GHz. In comparison with Refs.…”

“…The developed antenna can detect malignancies as small as 2 mm in radius, which is considerably better than the previous findings. 15,21,24,25,31,35 The amount of gain might depend on the distance between antenna and tumor. Several investigations 16,31,35 have been used zero distance between the antenna and the human breast to find the tumor.…”

“…13,14 A simple and inexpensive single-layer aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna was designed for the detection of breast cancer. 15 The patch antenna has significant benefits such as its compact size, inexpensive, portability, and durability. These advantages of patch antenna attracted researchers to develop different designs of antenna for instance rectangular microstrip patch antenna, [16][17][18][19][20] circular microstrip patch, [21][22][23] ultra-wide-band (UWB) microstrip antenna, [24][25][26][27][28][29] inset-fed microstrip patch antenna, 30,31 meandered line patch antenna, 32 wearable patch antenna 33 for the purpose of early breast cancer diagnosis.…”

“…To accomplish this, antenna design methods like T-shaped slotted, 16 partial ground plane with slots, 22 defected ground structure, 24 inset fed, 30 and metamaterial 15 can be applied. To diagnose breast cancer, large antenna configurations, 15,17,21 and 24,25 are still utilized, resulting in lower bandwidth and limited applications. Therefore, in order to overcome these drawbacks, a compact rectangular microstrip patch antenna with slots and partial ground plane is designed that can be used as a sensor for detecting breast cancer using microwave imaging strategy.…”