Vaccination: a Future Perspective

Abstract

| Vaccines have always drawn attention when it comes to tackling diverse era of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Since the gradual emergence of the concept of vaccines and their epochal success in control, prevention and eradication of many diseases, researchers have always seen immense potential in the field of immunoprophylaxis to combat the growing demands of health sector. With new emerging diseases to confront and strategic change in host invasion and immune evasion by microbes augments the need to transform vaccines with a more futuristic perspective. Researchers foresee to revolutionize the modern vaccination era by in-depth understanding of immune system and bringing about transformation in every component of vaccine formulation (like antigen, adjuvant etc.) by amalgamating other fields like recombinant DNA technology, molecular genetics, cellular immunology, structural biology, bioinformatics, computational biology, nanotechnology, formulation technologies and systems biology. In order to cope up with the changing scenario of vaccine industry, the knowledge of the existing trend in this field becomes indispensable. Here we highlight the existing and futuristic approach towards vaccines which will keep veterinarians, researchers and clinicians in other sectors abreast with the technologies and hasten research in this direction.

Prevalence, diagnosis, management and control of important diseases of ruminants with special reference to indian scenario

“…These include DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, recombinant vaccines, plant/edible vaccines, virus-like particles, nano vaccine etc. (Dhama et al, 2008, Dhama et al, 2013cDelany et al, 2014;Finco & Rappuoli, 2014;Kim et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2014c;Pany et al, 2015;Singh et al, 2015b). Along with this, for designing, developing and producing effective vaccines the usage of modern adjuvants (TLRs), immunomodulators, and delivery systems is the need of the hour for providing better protection to animals after vaccination (Reed et al, 2013;Dhama et al, 2015b;Singh et al, 2015b).…”

Zika virus – emergence, evolution, pathology, diagnosis, and control: current global scenario and future perspectives – a comprehensive review

“…An ideal Zika virus vaccine should have important qualities like administration of a single dose vaccination protecting from Zika viral disease, a safe vaccine which can be used in pregnancy, and rendering long lasting immunity (Palacios et al 2016). Apart from conventional vaccines (live attenuated or inactivated), newer and advanced technologies of vaccine development need to be explored to their full potential for developing effective vaccine against Zika virus such as DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, recombinant vaccines, vectored vaccines, transgenic plant vaccines, reverse vaccinology, virusÀlike particles, gene/mutantÀde-leted vaccines, nanovaccines, and adjuvanted vaccines which are showing promising results for countering various infectious pathogens (Petrovsky and Aguilar 2004;Dhama, et al 2008;Delany et al 2014;Finco and Rappuoli 2014;Kim et al 2014;Reed et al 2013;Singh et al 2015;Zhou et al 2014;Pany et al 2015;Ulmer et al 2015). A futuristic perspective needs to have a better understanding of the immune mechanisms, immunobiology, pathogenesis and molecular characterization of Zika virus, necessary modifications of vaccine components with immunogenic antigens, and incorporating modern adjuvants such as TLRs, improving the vaccine delivery systems and appropriate immunomodulatory approaches.…”