Vaccination of 1-Day-Old Turkey Poults with Fowlpox Vaccine by Subcutaneous Route

Sarma, G; Kersting, Barry A.; Spina, Gary

doi:10.1637/11032-020515-resnote.1

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Also, when the sequence strain of the present study and sequences from GenBank of canarypox and sparrowpox strains were aligned, a Thymine was found replacing the Adenine or Guanine. Although day-old turkey poults had been vaccinated with fowlpox vaccine at the hatchery (Sarma et al 2015), the in ovo vaccination method as single-use in turkeys of this study apparently did not provide adequate protection against avianpox disease. According Tripathy & Reed (2008), avianpox vaccination in turkeys should be performed intradermally about midway on the thigh when they are 2-3 months old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Outbreak of cutaneous form of avian poxvirus disease in previously pox-vaccinated commercial turkeys

et al. 2018

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This study describes an outbreak of avian poxvirus disease in previously pox-vaccinated turkeys in Brazil. The turkeys had suggestive gross lesions of cutaneous avian poxvirus in the skin of the head and cervical area without changes in the flock mortality rates. In the slaughterhouse, 30 carcasses were removed from the slaughter line to collect tissue from cutaneous lesions for histological analyses and characterization of the virus. The virus was identified by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent gene sequencing. Acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and hydropic degeneration were seen on skin histopathology. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Bollinger) on keratinocytes were observed in 46.6% of the samples. Avian poxvirus DNA was detected on PCR in 83.3% of the total samples. PCR associated with histopathology had 93.3% of positivity for avian poxvirus. In the phylogenetic study, samples show 100% matching suggesting that the outbreak occurred by a single viral strain and was different from those strains affecting other wild birds such as canaries and sparrows. A single mutation (Adenine for Guanine) was detected in our study’s strain and in the strains of turkey, chickens, and vaccine strains published in GenBank. Also, when the sequence strain of the present study and sequences from GenBank of canarypox and sparrowpox strains were aligned, a Thymine was found replacing the Adenine or Guanine. The in ovo vaccination method as single-use in turkeys of this study apparently did not provide adequate protection against avianpox disease, but additional vaccination administered by wing-web when turkeys were 45-60 days old in the new flocks controlled the disease. In the subsequent year, new cases of this disease were not found. It was not possible to confirm the source of the virus strain, but infection with a field strain derived from chickens is one possibility, considering the poultry farm population in the area and biosecurity aspects. For wide characterization of avipoxvirus and differentiation among strains, the complete sequence of the viral genome is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Outbreak of cutaneous form of avian poxvirus disease in previously pox-vaccinated commercial turkeys

et al. 2018

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“…Furthermore, heterologous vaccination has also been shown to provide only temporary protection since turkeys vaccinated with a chicken poxvirus that had been cultured in chicken embryos experienced a 40% reduction in this protection in only three months. 13 Conversely, Sarma et al 20 found high efficacy of vaccines obtained from chicken virus and administered to turkeys (98% protection rate). Nonetheless, it should be noted that subjects in that study were challenged with the chicken and not the turkey virus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of a Turkeypoxvirus field strain as an alternative to heterologous vaccination in turkeys

et al. 2020

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Avian pox can severely impact turkey production systems. Vaccination programs in Mexico use commercially available Fowlpoxvirus vaccines, that are used across different bird species. Nonetheless, there are reports of sporadic disease outbreaks among vaccinated turkeys, which suggest that heterologous vaccines may provide limited immunity, presenting the need to develop homologous vaccines that can better protect turkeys. This study compared the protection granted to turkey chicks by a commercial Fowlpoxvirus vaccine and by a live attenuated Turkeypoxvirus vaccine after a challenge with a field isolated Turkeypoxvirus virus. Histopathology, polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing of DNA were used for viral identification. A Turkeypoxvirus strain was first isolated in chicken embryo lesions, and subsequently adapted through serial passes in chorioallantoic membrane to produce the homologous vaccine. The attenuated virus was used as a vaccine when a 104.4 embryo ID50/mL titre was reached. Three groups of three-week-old turkey chicks were used for challenge experiments. Subjects in Group 1 were immunized with the attenuated Turkeypoxvirus vaccine (homologous vaccine). Chicks in Group 2 were vaccinated with the commercially available heterologous vaccine (Fowlpoxvirus). Subjects in Group 3 were not vaccinated and received only saline solution (control group). Two weeks after vaccination, animals from Group 1 reached a 97.7 ND50 seroneutralization titre, while levels reached in Group 2 birds and in control chicks were 11.7 ND50 (Group 2) and zero, respectively. At this time, all groups were challenged with a suspension of a field-isolated Turkeypox virus. The homologous vaccine afforded 100% protection in Group 1 (10/10 individuals), while only 10% (1/10) of individuals in Group 2 were protected by the commercial heterologous Fowlpoxvirus vaccine. None of the non-immunized birds in Group 3 were protected (0/10). These results show that the homologous vaccine afforded a greater protection against a Turkeypox virus infection than that observed for the heterologous vaccine, and that a homologous vaccine can be efficiently produced by isolating and attenuating the virus from turkeypox lesions, through chorioallantoic membrane serial passes.

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“…Study by Sarma et al, 2019 showed that live virus vaccine containing three mixture of avian encephalomyelitis (AE), fowl pox (FP), and pigeon pox (PP) viruses in a single mixture preparation demonstrated safety and provided efficacious when examined in layers. Poultry producers vaccinated their flocks with AE and FP live virus vaccines [Baxendale 1971;Garrett et al 1985;Shafren et al 1992;Fatunmbi and Reed 1996;Singh et al 2000;Sarma et al 2015]. However, although vaccination protocol was performed, immunity failure was reported due to very virulent or variant field strains of the virus were reported in the FP vaccinated flocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Analysis of Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus Polyprotein for Development of Multi Epitopes Vaccine Using Immunoinformatics Approach

Elhassan¹,

Almofti²,

Abd-elrahman³

et al. 2021

J Pure Appl Microbiol

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Avian Encephalomyelitis (AE) is the disease caused by avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV). The disease mainly affects young birds nervous system worldwide causing high morbidity and variable mortality rate in chicks and noticed egg dropping and hatchability in mature hens. Vaccination is the only way to control AEV infection since there is no treatment yet to the avian encephalomyelitis. This study aimed to use immunoinformatics approaches to predict multi epitopes vaccine from the AEV polyprotein that could elicit both B and T cells. The vaccine construct comprises 482 amino acids obtained from epitopes predicted against B and T cells by IEDB server, adjuvant, linkers and 6-His-tag. The chimeric vaccine was potentially antigenic and nonallergic and demonstrated thermostability and hydrophilicity in protparam server. The solubility of the vaccine was measured in comparison to E. coli proteins. The stability was also assessed by disulﬁde bonds engineering to reduce the high mobility regions in the designed vaccine. Furthermore molecular dynamics simulation further strengthen stability of the predicted vaccine. Tertiary structure of the vaccine construct after prediction, refinement was used for molecular docking with chicken alleles BF2*2101 and BF2*0401 and the docking process demonstrated favourable binding energy score of -337.47 kcal/mol and -326.87 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular cloning demonstrated the potential clonability of the chimeric vaccine in pET28a(+) vector. This could guarantee the efficient translation and expression of the vaccine within suitable expression vector.

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Vaccination of 1-Day-Old Turkey Poults with Fowlpox Vaccine by Subcutaneous Route

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Outbreak of cutaneous form of avian poxvirus disease in previously pox-vaccinated commercial turkeys

Outbreak of cutaneous form of avian poxvirus disease in previously pox-vaccinated commercial turkeys

Attenuation of a Turkeypoxvirus field strain as an alternative to heterologous vaccination in turkeys

Structural Analysis of Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus Polyprotein for Development of Multi Epitopes Vaccine Using Immunoinformatics Approach

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