Vaccination of cattle against bovine ephemeral fever with live attenuated virus followed by killed virus

Abstract

SummarySerial passage of bovine ephemeral fever virus in hamster lung cells, HmLu-1, deprived rapidly the virus of virulence for cattle with simultaneous loss of the ability to produce neutralizing antibody. The attenuated virus thus obtained, however, could prime cattle to produce neutralizing antibody rapidly to high titers following a subsequent inoculation of formalin-inactivated, ALP04 geladsorbed vaccine (K). Although one subcutaneous dose of live vaccine (L) prepared from the attenuated virus produces no detectable amonnts of neutralizing antibody unless as heavy a dose as 107 TCIDj0 was used, the priming effect of L vaccine was shown even with 10 TCIDs0. Similar priming effect was also shown in mice by intracerebral inoculation of L vaccine. Maximal antibody response of cattle was obtained by one subcutaneous L vaccine dose of _~ 105TCIDs0 followed by 3 ml of K vaccine administered intramuscularly at intervals of 2 to 4 weeks. This LK method induced seroconversion in nearly all of initially seronegative cattle, and the neutralizing antibody thus produced persisted much longer than that following two doses of K vaccine given at one-month intervals. The LK method exerted little side effects in cattle. Cows vaccinated during pregnancy delivered healthy calves in term. No adverse effect on milk production was shown. The vaccine virus could not be passaged serially in calves by intravenous inoculation of the blood. Lyophilized L vaccine was stored at 4 ~ C with little loss of infectivity for at least one year. Reconstituted vaccine could be used safely at least for 6 hours when kept at 4 ~ C or even at room temperature.All these findings indicate the efficacy and safety of the LK vaccination method, although the final evaluation rests on large-scale field trials.

Efficacy of Alternative Vaccination with Attenuated Sheep Pox and Inactivated Lumpy Skin Disease Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease

“…Ben-Gera et al, (2015) concluded that "the Neethling vaccine is significantly more effective than protection conferred by X10 RM65 in preventing LSD morbidity". Our results also agreed with Inaba et al (1974) who found "that consecutive vaccination with live attenuated virus followed by inactivated virus resulted in a stronger and more durable neutralizing antibody response than vaccination with live attenuated vaccine alone or with two doses of the inactivated vaccine". Inactivated LSD vaccine did not provide high serological results i.e.…”

Relationships of bovine ephemeral fever epizootics to population immunity and virus variation

“…Bovine ephemeral fever has been threatening cattle populations in Taiwan and other Asian countries even though vaccination has been imposed for three decades in these countries (Inaba et al, 1974). In this study, the authors, using serological and virological findings, analyzed the possible factors contributing to BEF epizootics in Taiwan: immunity coverage, virus phylogeny, and virus variation.…”

Immunogenicity of transmembrane deleted-G protein of bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) expressed in insect cells

“…Cattle infected with BEFV show clinical signs such as sudden onset of fever and lethargy, which become a serious management problem especially in large-scale farming. Vaccines have been developed and vaccination was applied as a successful strategy for disease prevention and control (5,23,(26)(27)(28)(29). BEFV glycoprotein (G) is an important protein to induce a protective immune response in cattle (28).…”