We evaluated the efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene targeted cells. A novel protocol for the efficient transduction transfer into normal and malignant human hematopoietic of adenovirus into B-CLL cells was presented. We showed cells. An E-1 and E-3 deleted, replication-defective recomthat anti-CD40 mAb or CD40 ligand acts in synergy with binant Ad.RSVgal vector was used and the transduction rhIL-4 to enable the transduction of approximately 50-75% efficiency was studied at a multiplicity of infection of 13 of B-CLL cells (B-CLL, n = 6). Expression of -galactop.f.u. per cell. Approximately 40-50% of normal monocytes sidase in transduced CML cells and B-CLL cells was were transduced, whereas purified normal resting T cells detected for at least 15 days after transduction. The and B cells were resistant to infection. We showed that 50-present studies underline the utility of adenovirus vectors 80% of primary chronic myeloid leukemia cells (CML, n = for the construction of cytokine gene-modified tumor vac-12) were efficiently transduced. In contrast to CML, succines for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies such cessful transduction of resting primary chronic B lymphoas CML and B-CLL. cytic leukemia cells required appropriate preactivation of for 3 days with rhGM-CSF (100 U/ml) before infection. Activation of cells with GM-CSF did not influence the (CD14 + , 90-98%) were readily transduced and stained transduction rate (data not shown). strongly positive for -galactosidase (five separate experiments). Unlike the experience with retrovirus, we rhIL-4 together with hCD40 ligand are efficient and showed that efficient transduction of normal peripheral necessary for the transduction of primary B-CLL cells blood monocytes can be achieved with adenovirus withMononuclear cells from chronic B lymphocytic leukemia out preactivation of target cells. In contrast, purified (B-CLL, n = 6) patients were studied for adenoviral vector resting T lymphocytes (CD3 + , Ͼ96%) and B lymphocytes transduction. B-CLL cells were Ig-light chain restricted (CD19 + , Ͼ95%) were, however, not permissive to transand displayed CD5 (100%) and CD19 (80-95%) on the duction (three separate experiments).cell surface. Similarly to normal resting B lymphocytes (Figure 1), Efficient transduction of primary CML cells without resting primary B-CLL cells were resistant to adenovirus preactivation of target cells infection. A number of activation protocols [15][16][17][18] were Unselected mononuclear cells from chronic myeloid leutested to improve the transduction efficacy of B-CLL kemia patients (CML, n = 12) were included in the cells. We found that neither phorbol ester induction nor present studies. Although all the CML cells were Ph + , but the combination of SAC + thioredoxin + IL-2, forskolin represented heterogeneous cell populations. CML cells nor TNF␣ were efficient in improving the transduction expressed CD13 (40-80%), CD33 (40-81%) and other cell rate. In marked contrast, approximately 70-75% B-CLL surface markers (Table 1). No sign...