Vaccine-associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis in Immunodeficient Children, Iran, 1995–2008

Shahmahmoodi, Shohreh; Mamishi, Setareh; Aghamohammadi, Asghar; Aghazadeh, Nessa; Tabatabaie, Hamideh; Gooya, Mohammad Mehdi; Zahraei, Seyed Mohsen; Mousavi, Taha; Yousefi, Maryam; Farrokhi, Kobra; Mohammadpour, Masoud; Ashrafi, Mahmoud Reza; Nategh, R; Parvaneh, Nima

doi:10.3201/eid1607.091606

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Only three cases stopped excretion after treatment for their immunodeficiency [33,45,59]. The majority (11/13) of deaths were reported to be due to the patient's PID, and only two cases were specified to be a result of paralytic poliomyelitis [44,45]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five iVDPV cases were identified as contacts exposed to a recent OPV recipient [45,57,58,60,61]. Two of these cases were household contacts of a healthy infant vaccinated with OPV [45,57].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Duration of shedding was measured from the last OPV dose administered to the last stool sample in which OPV was detected (calculated definition); this is a more conservative way to estimate duration of shedding [18,44,45]. When it was not possible to calculate the duration of shedding from the data in the case report, we used the duration of shedding reported by the author (reported definition).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) cases: A systematic review and implications for polio eradication

Guo

Bolivar-Wagers

Srinivas

et al. 2015

Vaccine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs), strains of poliovirus mutated from the oral polio vaccine, pose a challenge to global polio eradication. Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived polioviruses (iVDPVs) are a type of VDPV which may serve as sources of poliovirus reintroduction after the eradication of wild-type poliovirus. This review is a comprehensive update of confirmed iVDPV cases published in the scientific literature from 1962 to 2012, and describes clinically relevant trends in reported iVDPV cases worldwide. Methods We conducted a systematic review of published iVDPV case reports from January 1960 to November 2012 from four databases. We included cases in which the patient had a primary immunodeficiency, and the vaccine virus isolated from the patient either met the sequencing definition of VDPV (>1% divergence for serotypes 1 and 3 and >0.6% for serotype 2) and/or was previously reported as an iVDPV by the World Health Organization. Results We identified 68 iVDPV cases in 49 manuscripts reported from 25 countries and the Palestinian territories. 62% of case patients were male, 78% presented clinically with acute flaccid paralysis, and 65% were iVDPV2. 57% of cases occurred in patients with predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies, and the overall all-cause mortality rate was greater than 60%. The median age at case detection was 1.4 years [IQR: 0.8, 4.5] and the median duration of shedding was 1.3 years [IQR: 0.7, 2.2]. We identified a poliovirus genome VP1 region mutation rate of 0.72% per year and a higher median percent divergence for iVDPV1 cases. More cases were reported from high income countries, which also had a larger age variation and different distribution of immunodeficiencies compared to upper and lower middle-income countries. Conclusion Our study describes the incidence and characteristics of global iVDPV cases reported in the literature in the past five decades. It also highlights the regional and economic disparities of reported iVDPV cases.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) cases: A systematic review and implications for polio eradication

Guo

Bolivar-Wagers

Srinivas

et al. 2015

Vaccine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, chronic diarrhea, prolonged shedding of virus and paralysis after live poliovirus vaccine guide pediatricians to consider SCID, X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) [43,44]. MMR vaccine may lead to disseminated vaccine-strain measles in patients with mutations in the STAT2 gene.…”

Section: Vaccination Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diarrhea after receiving live rotavirus vaccine and chickenpox after varicella vaccination has also been reported to be associated with PID. This is a great problem with vaccines which are routinely given in the first weeks of life (especially live rotavirus vaccine in 6-8 weeks old infants) and newborn screening for PID could perform in this regard [41,[43][44][45].…”

Section: Vaccination Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Important differences in the diagnostic spectrum of primary immunodeficiency in adults versus children

Abolhassani

Rezaei

Mohammadinejad

et al. 2015

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) constitute a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders caused by defects in immunity, leading to recurrent infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation and malignancies. Early diagnosis of PIDs is crucial for improving the quality of life in patients with PIDs while a delay in diagnosis, or inadequate treatment, results in an increased mortality and morbidity in affected individuals. Although most cases of PIDs present in children with recurrent and/or severe acute infections, some of the primary immune disorders are diagnosed during adulthood. Some common clues, both in children and adults, help physicians to diagnose PIDs; however, there are some specific clues to the diagnosis of PIDs for each group. This article reviews the important differences in the diagnostic spectrum of PIDs in adults versus children.

show abstract

Vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis cases from children presenting with acute flaccid paralysis in Uganda

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A retrospective study to identify VAPP cases from the entire Uganda was conducted between January 2003 and December 2011. Eleven of the 106 AFP cases were VAPPs. The VAPP rate ranged from 0 to 3.39 cases per 1,000,000 birth cohorts and the peak was in 2009 when there was scaling up of OPV immunization activities following an importation of wild poliovirus in the country. All the subsequent polio suspect cases since then have been vaccine-associated polio cases. Our data support the strategy to withdraw OPV and introduce IPV progressively in order to mitigate against the paralysis arising from Sabin polioviruses.

show abstract

Vaccine-associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis in Immunodeficient Children, Iran, 1995–2008

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) cases: A systematic review and implications for polio eradication

Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) cases: A systematic review and implications for polio eradication

Important differences in the diagnostic spectrum of primary immunodeficiency in adults versus children

Vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis cases from children presenting with acute flaccid paralysis in Uganda

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About